Copyright USGenNet Inc., 2014 All Rights Reserved USGenNet Data Repository Please read USGenNet Copyright Statement on this page: Transcribed and submitted by Linda Talbott for the USGenNet Data Repository http://www.us-data.org/ =========================================================================== Formatted by USGenNet Data Repository Chief Archivist, Linda Talbott All of the above information must remain when copied or downloaded. =========================================================================== Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes SUMMARY FOR THE SEASON OF 1901. No. 2, 1901 by Alfred J. Henry and Norman B. Conger Prepared under direction of Willis L. Moore, Chief U.S. Weather Bureau. WASHINGTON: WEATHER BUREAU. 1902 ------------------- STORMS OF THE YEAR By Alfred J. Henry, Professor of Meteorology. There were no violent storms during the year, although there were a number of days with heavy stormy weather. In May the passage of an area of low pressure eastward across the upper Ohio Valley and the lower lake region in the neighborhood of the forty-first parallel, caused fresh to brisk northeasterly winds over lakes Huron and Michigan. The low moved slowly and the winds con- tinued steadily for a period of about thirty-six hours, causing a num- ber of wrecks, the most serious being that of the steamer BALTIMORE on Lake Huron. The winds of September were rather more severe than usual and dis- asters to vessels, especially the smaller craft, were numerous. A large number of groundings occurred on September 7 at the foot of Lake Huron, due to smoke and fresh northeasterly winds. The smoky condi- tion of the upper air had been observed by the Weather Bureau officials at the Chicago station several days previous to the 7th. It was plain- ly observed at that station on the 6th, but not generally elsewhere in the Lake region. The forenoon of the 7th opened clear to partly cloudy, with light smoke over the upper portion of Lake Michigan in the forenoon, increasing and becoming dense in the afternoon. At Port Huron the day opened clear and pleasant, but as the wind shifted to the northeast in the afternoon and increased in velocity the air became filled with dust and smoke to an unusual degree. So thick was the air that range lights and other channel marks were for the time being com- pletely obscured. As a result of the temporary obstruction of the lights and the brisk northeasterly winds, nine vessels stranded off Fort Gratiot light between 7 p.m. and midnight. The cloud of smoke was swept away by the next morning, but it had become so dense on the De- troit River in the meantime as to delay navigation. The pall of smoke was observed over the whole of lower Michigan and over parts of the contiguous States of Iowa, Indiana, and Wisconsin. It was doubtless, the result of a shift of the wind to the northeast with the eastward movement of an area of high pressure, the northeast winds bringing in the smoke of forest fires that were prevailing north of the Georgian Bay region. October was notably free from dangerous storms. In November, how- ever, a number of storms visited the Lake region, viz, on the 3d, 6th, 7th, 11th, 21st, and 22d, causing more or less loss of small craft and damage to others, as may be seen by the list of casualties in a subse- quent part of this report. ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION AND LAKE LEVELS The precipitation during the season of November, 1900, to October, 1901, was below the average over the greater part of the basins of Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and over the southern part of the basin of Lake Huron. It was likewise deficient over the western part of Lake Super- ior. More than the average precipitation was recorded over the central and eastern part of Lake Superior, the northern portion of Lake Huron, especially the Georgian Bay region, and over the entire basin of Lake Ontario. The snowfall of the winter 1900-1901 was somewhat greater than during the previous winter in all of the Lake basins, except those of Lakes Ontario and St. Clair. The fall rains of 1900 were unusually heavy throughout the entire Lake region. The winter precipitation was somewhat less than during the preceding year, while that of spring and summer did not differ materially from that of the preceding season. The rainfall of the fall months was much less than that of the preceding year for the corre- sponding period. At the close of navigation in 1900 the level of Lake Superior was considerably higher than it had been for a number of years pervious. The high water continued throughout the winter of 1900-1901, and well into the summer, reaching its highest point in August. The level then began to decline, the mean stage in November being 602.44 feet above mean tide at New York, or half a foot lower than it was during Novem- ber, 1900. Lakes Huron and Michigan were also higher than during the preceding year up to and including the months of September. During October the means stage fell about one-tenth of an inch below what it was in 1900, and continued to fall in November. At the close of navigation Lake Michigan was at a mean stage of 579.93 feet above mean tide at New York City, or about three-tenths of a foot lower than it was in the corre- sponding month a year ago. Lake Erie was, as a rule, lower this sea- son than during 1900. The mean stage during November was 571.25 feet above mean tide at New York, the lowest point reached in the last four years. [tables omitted from this transcription] OPENING AND CLOSING OF NAVIGATION, 1901. Navigation opened at the Straits of Mackinac on April 14 with the passage of the steamer PENTLAND, at 8:40 a.m. from Lake Michigan into Lake Huron, and was closed for the season with the passage west of the steamer JAMES WATTS, coal laden, for Milwaukee, at 11 a.m., December 20. The WATTS had some difficulty in making passage from Lake Erie to Lake Huron on account of ice. The canal locks at Sault Ste. Marie opened on April 27 for the pas- sage of the first boat up, the tug MAXWELL, and were closed for the season on December 11; the last vessel bound down was the steamer CLYDE, with barge AMBOY in tow, which locked through at 3:16 p.m. The last vessel through the Detroit River bound down was the steamer J. H. SCHRIGLEY, on December 15, and the last passage up was the steam- er JAMES WATTS, on December 17, closing general navigation for the season. The ice blockade in the St. Clair River was one of the features of the opening of navigation. The river was practically closed with ice for 22 days, from April 16 to May 8, during which time navigation was open on the other lakes. Considerable damage was occasioned by col- lisions in the ice jam, and also from damage to vessels by the ice. At one time there were 20 vessels fast in the blockade between Port Huron and the Flats. VESSEL PASSAGES AT DETROIT, MICH. The following report of the vessel passages through the Detroit River is furnished through the courtesy of Postmaster F. B. Dickerson, Detroit, Mich: total passage during April, 7; May, 2,002; June, 3,222; July, 3,298; August, 3,254; September, 2,892; October, 2,928; November, 2,405; December, 526; total for the season, 20,534. This is 2,107 less than in 1899 and 1,931 less than in 1900. Daily weather maps, wind direction and velocity reports, and storm warnings were delivered promptly to the vessel masters by the marine post office during the season of navigation. The special p.m. wind reports from stations on the lakes were furnished each night to vessel masters passing Detroit. WRECKS AND CASUALTIES DURING 1901. By Norman B. Conger, Inspector and Marine Agent. The season of navigation of 1901 will pass into history with a re- cord of 37 total losses from weather conditions and 10 from other causes. In addition to the total losses 140 vessels were more or less damaged by weather conditions, of which number 34 cases were due directly to fog. The total amount of estimated damages from weather conditions or fog was $1,149,300, of which amount $688,700 was in total losses and $460,600 in partial losses; fog was responsible for damages amounting to $239,950, which includes two total losses. The total amount of estimated losses this season nearly equals the combined losses of 1899 and 1900. In past years Lake Erie has usually headed the list with the largest amount of losses; this season Lake Superior is first, with $524,450; Lake Huron, $305,850; Lake Michigan, $199,000; Lake Erie, $39,000; Lake Ontario, $16,500. Connecting rivers, $64,500. The total number of lives lost, due to stormy weather, was 90; other causes, 100; by lakes the record is as follows: Lake Superior, weather, 37, other causes, 23; Lake Michigan, weather, 12, other causes, 18; Lake Huron, weather, 26, other causes, 7; Lake Erie, weather, 5, other causes, 16; Lake Ontario, weather, 7, other causes, none. Connecting rivers, weather, 3, other causes, 36; the large number of lives report- ed lost from other causes on the rivers includes loss of life from cap- sizing of sail boats, falling off docks, vessels, etc. The loss of life this season, due to foundering of vessels, was large, the two largest cases being the HUDSON with 24 lives, and the BALTIMORE with 12. During the stormy season of the fall months a larger number of ves- sels of all classes sought shelter, and remained there until the storm passed, than in previous years. [table omitted from this transcription] LAKE SUPERIOR The amount of total losses and damages to vessels through stress of weather, and the prevalence of fog or smoke during the season of navi- gation, was $524,450. Of this amount $397,500 covered the estimated total losses on 5 vessels; the remainder covers the partial losses. Thirty-seven lives were lost through weather conditions and 23 from other causes. 1. May 15 - Steamer F. R. BUELL stranded off Ashland during thick weather; released; damages nominal. 2. May 18 - Steamer ADVANCE (Can.) stranded at Whitefish Point during heavy fog; estimated damage to vessel, $1,000; released. 3. May 18 - Steamer BON AMI stranded at Split Rock during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel; released. 4. June 1 - Steamer ALVA stranded at Copper Harbor during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel, $10,500; released. 5. June 13 - Schooner GENOA water-logged during heavy weather off Ashland; damage to hull and cargo, $500. 6. June 29 - Steamer PRESTON, lumber laden, water-logged during heavy weather, was abandoned; crew rescued by steamer ATHABASCA; steamer afterwards picked up and towed to harbor; estimated damage to ves- sel, $20,000; cargo, $4,000; total, $24,000. 7. July 1 - Tug FERN foundered off Eagle Harbor in 20 feet of water and carried down 5 of the crew; estimated loss on vessel, $1,000; total loss. *Transcriber's Note: Foundered off Eagle River, not Eagle Harbor* 8. July 29 - Barge SAGAMORE collided with steamer NORTHERN QUEEN during dense fog off Point Iroquois and was sunk; 2 lives lost; estimated value of vessel, $80,000; cargo, $10,000; total, $90,000; total loss. 9. July 29 - BARGE 131 stranded near Copper Harbor during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel, $5,000; released. 10. August 30 - Barge ELIZA STRONG abandoned in water-logged condition by crew and afterwards towed to harbor, reported a constructive total loss, but will be rebuilt; estimated damage to vessel, $25,000; cargo, $5,000; total, $30,000. 11. September 7 - Steamer W. H. GILBERT stranded at Whitefish Point in northeast gale and dense smoke; estimated damage to vessel, $2,500; released. 12. September 16 - Barge MANTENEE water-logged during heavy weather and lost spars and deck load of lumber; towed into Marquette for re- pairs; estimated damage to vessel, $500; cargo, $1,000; total, $1,500. 13. September 16 - Steamer HUDSON foundered during heavy northwest gale off Eagle Harbor, carrying down the entire crew of 24; estimated value of vessel, $150,000; cargo, $88,000; total, $238,000; total loss. 14. October 2 - Steamer M. M. DRAKE, with barge MICHIGAN in tow, foundered off Vermillion Point about 2 miles out from shore during heavy northwest gale and became a total loss; 1 life lost; esti- mated value of vessel, $35,000; cargo, $5,000; total, $40,000; total loss. 15. October 2 - Barge MICHIGAN, in tow of M. M. DRAKE, foundered off Vermillion Point during heavy northwest gale and became a total loss; no lives lost; estimated value of vessel, $22,500; cargo, $6,000; total, $28,500; total loss. 16. October 13 - Schooner IDA CORNING was damaged in heavy weather in loss of spars and deck load to the extent of $250 on vessel and $750 on cargo; total, $1,000. 17. October 13 - Schooner D. L. FILER lost deck load of lumber during heavy weather and was damaged to the extent of $500. 18. October 16 - Barge DONALDSON lost deck load of lumber and was damaged during heavy weather to the extent of $250 to vessel and $750 on cargo; total, $1,000; this occurred off Ontonagon. 19. October 19 - Barge MONTGOMERY became water-logged through stress of weather, abandoned by crew and stranded; reported released; esti- mated value of vessel, $4,000. 20. November 9 - Schooner KEWEENAW, in entering Grand Marais, Mich., Harbor, struck piers and then stranded inside harbor; estimated damage to vessel, $700; released. 21. November 9 - Schooner HATTIE was dismasted at Munising during heavy weather; damage, $500. 22. Steamer SCHOOLCRAFT and tow stranded at Grand Marais, Mich., during heavy weather; estimated damage to vessel, $750. 23. November 11 - Schooner CONNELLY BROS., stranded in Munising Harbor during heavy northwest gale; estimated damage to vessel, $2,500; released. 24. November 11 - Schooner KEYES was abandoned by tug MYSTIC during heavy weather off the Apostle Islands; recovered with nominal damages. 25. November 15 - Barge JOHN SMEATON broke loose from towing steamer during heavy northwest gale and stranded at Autrain; estimated damage to vessel, $40,000; released and towed to Marquette for repairs. LAKE MICHIGAN During the season of navigation 50 vessels were more or less damaged through stress of weather, fog, or smoky weather conditions. There were 11 total losses, the estimated value being $47,100; 39 partial losses to the amount of $151,900 and 12 of the 39 were caused by fog. The estimated amount of damage by fog was $41,500. Twelve lives were lost through weather and 18 from other causes. 26. April 29 - Steamer OTTAWA stranded during dense fog on Big Sable; estimated damage to vessel, $3,000; released. 27. April 30 - Schooners LOTUS and J. R. NEWLAND collided during heavy fog off Big Sable; estimated damages to LOTUS, nominal; NEWLAND, $500. 28. May 3 - Schooner JULIA B. MERRILL stranded at Cedar River, Green Bay, during dense fog and became water-logged; estimated damage to vessel, $500; cargo, $500; total, $1,000; released. 29. May 5 - Steamer JOHN OWEN struck a rock during thick weather and was beached at Mackinaw; estimated damage to vessel, $7,000; cargo, $4,000; total, $11,000; released. 30. May 11 - Steamer DULUTH stranded at Nine Mile Point, Green Bay, during heavy fog; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 31. May 18 - Steamer NYACK stranded at North Point during heavy fog; estimated damage to vessel, $2,000; cargo, $500; total, $2,500; released. 32. May 24 - Schooner H. D. MOORE struck piers in entering harbor at Sheboygan during heavy northeast gale; estimated damage to vessel, $150. 33. May 24 - Schooner A. BRADLEY became water-logged in northeast gale off Milwaukee; estimated damage to vessel, $1,000; towed to port. 34. May 24 - Schooner LITTLE GEORGY stranded at Two Creeks during heavy northeast gale and became a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $500; cargo, $250; total, $750. 35. May 24 - Schooner H. RAND capsized about five miles off Port Wash- ington and floated south, stranding at Racine Point; 4 lives lost; estimated value of vessel, $750; cargo of slabs, $250; total, $1,000; total loss. 36. May 28 - Schooner JOHN MAGEE sprung aleak and stranded on Fisher- mans Shoal; estimated value of vessel, $500; cargo, $500; total, $1,000; released. 37. May 28 - Steamer J. L. HURD lost spars and deck load during heavy gale; estimated damage to vessel, $500; cargo, $2,000; total, $2,500. 38. June 12 - Scow foundered in the straits and one life lost during heavy squall; estimated damage to scow, $100; raised. 39. June 18 - Steamer S. C. HALL, with consort NELLIE MASON, stranded at North Fox Island during heavy fog; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 40. Schooner NELLIE MASON, in tow of the steamer HALL, stranded on North Fox Island during heavy fog; estimated damages to vessel, $500; released. 41. July 2 - Steamer S. F. B. MORSE stranded during fog at Whiting, Ind.; released with nominal damage. 42. July 14 - Tug SIR LUKE stranded in Bay Noquette during northwest squall and became a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $500. 43. August 10 - Steamer SAINTE MARIE stranded on Graham Shoal during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel, $1,000; released. 44. August 10 - Steamer HENRY CORT stranded at St. Helena during heavy fog and rain; estimated damage to vessel, $7,000; released. 45. August 22 - Schooner W. G. GOODMAN, stranded at Mackinaw during northwest squall; released with nominal damages. 46. August 29 - Steamer PEWAUKEE lost spars and deck load during heavy gale; estimated damage to vessel, $750; cargo, $750; total, $1,500. 47. August 30 - Schooner DRIVER foundered off Empire, Mich., and became a total loss during heavy weather; crew rescued, estimated value of vessel, $1,000; cargo, $500; total, $1,500; total loss. 48. August 31 - Steamer C. B. LOCKWOOD stranded at White Shoals during thick weather; lightered a portion of cargo; estimated damages to vessel, $3,000; cargo, $500; total, $3,500; released. 49. September 7 - Schooner MARY E. COOK stranded in northeast gale and smoky weather 20 miles north of Milwaukee; estimated damage to ves- sel, $1,000; cargo, $500; total, $1,500. 50. September 7 - Schooner MARY L. became water-logged off Manistee during northeast gale and smoky weather and was towed to Ludington; estimated damage to vessel, $500. 51. September 7 - Schooner EBENEZER stranded at North Unity during northeast gale and smoky weather; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 52. September 7 - Schooner TAYLOR stranded in Little Traverse Bay dur- ing northeast gale and smoky weather; released with nominal damage. 53. September 9 - Schooner SEA GEM stranded on piers at Manitowoc dur- ing northeast gale and became a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $1,200; cargo, $500; total, $1,700; total loss. 54. September 16 - Schooner ELLEN G. foundered in midlake between Grand Haven and Milwaukee in northwest gale; crew of 4 rescued by steamer NYACK; estimated value of vessel, $1,500; cargo, $300; total, $1,800; total loss. 55. September 25 - Steamer ATLANTA stranded on Dunlap Reef, Green Bay, during thick weather; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 56. September 30 - Schooner ELLEN ELLENWOOD stranded near Port Washing- ton, during dense smoke and reported total loss; estimated value of vessel $1,000; cargo, $500; total, $1,500; total loss. 57. October 8 - Schooner BELLE HANSCOMB stranded at Cross Village dur- ing northwest gale; released with nominal damage. 58. October 8 - Steamer THOMAS WILSON stranded at Baileys Harbor during heavy weather; estimated damage to vessel, $25,000; released. 59. October 10 - Steamer THOMAS DAVIDSON, with tow ABERDEEN, stranded on Chambers Shoal, Green Bay, during thick weather; estimated damage to DAVIDSON, $500; ABERDEEN, $500; total, $1,000; released. 60. October 12 - Schooner WILLIAM STONE, while loading lumber at Cecil Bay, stranded during heavy weather; estimated value of vessel, $1,000; cargo, $500; reported total loss. 61. October 16 - Schooner SEAMAN was beached at Empire, Mich., during heavy weather; estimated damage nominal. 62. October 18 - Steamer STATE OF MICHIGAN had an accident to her machinery and foundered off Montague during brisk southwest wind and became a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $30,000; cargo, $3,000; total, $33,000; total loss. 63. October 20 - Steamer C. B. LOCKWOOD stranded at North Point, Mil- waukee, during thick weather; estimated damage to vessel, $15,000; cargo, $5,000; total, $20,000; released. 64. October 30 - Schooner C. MICHELSON stranded 15 miles below Escanaba during heavy weather; estimated damage to vessel, $900; cargo, $1,000; total, $1,900; released. 65. November 6 - Schooner THREE SISTERS became water-logged in Green Bay during heavy weather and lost spars; towed to Marinette for repairs; estimated damage to vessel, nominal. 66. November 10 - Schooner EMILY TAYLOR stranded 20 miles north of Menominee during heavy weather; estimated value of vessel, $1,000; cargo, $400; total, $1,400; released. 67. November 11 - Schooner PEORIA stranded in Baileys Harbor during heavy southwest gale, and became a total loss; crew rescued; esti- mated value of vessel, $1,500; cargo, $700; total, $2,200; total loss. 68. November 14 - Steamer NORMANDIC stranded near Thompson, Mich., during heavy weather; estimated value of vessel, $1,000; released. 69. November 16 - Steamer ELFINMERE stranded during a snowstorm and northwest gale in Green Bay, took fire and became a constructive total loss; hulk towed to Sturgeon Bay for rebuilding; estimated value of vessel, $30,000; no cargo. 70. November 22 - Steamer E. C. POPE stranded during heavy weather and snowstorm at St. Helena; estimated damage to vessel, $10,000; cargo, $1,500; total, $11,500; released. 71. November 26 - Schooner CALDEDONIA stranded at Glen Haven during northwest gale; reported total loss, but was released; estimated value of vessel, $1,500. 72. December 5 - Schooner CHALLENGE stranded at Baileys Harbor Reef during thick weather; estimated damage to vessel, $750; released. 73. December 5 - Steamer PARKS FODER stranded during snowstorm in Green Bay; estimated damage to vessel, $5,000; cargo, $2,000; total, $7,000; released. 74. December 22 - Steamer P. M. 16 (Muskegon) while trying to enter Ludington Harbor during southwest gale struck bottom in heavy sea and broke steam pipe and stranded; was released on the 28th after lightering cargo and jettisoning some of the cars; estimated damage to vessel, $11,000; cargo, $1,500; total, $12,500; released. LAKE HURON During the season of navigation 61 vessels were more or less damaged through stress of weather and the prevalence of fog or smoke; 17 became total losses; 44 were damaged through stress of weather or smoke, and 8 through fog conditions. The total damage for this lake was $305,850, of which amount, $201,600, was in total losses. The greatest loss oc- curred in September. There were 33 lives lost on this lake, 26 from weather and 7 from other causes; the largest loss of life occurred with the wreck of the BALTIMORE, on May 24, when 12 lives were lost. 75. April 30 - Steamer OTTAWA stranded on Boisblanc Island during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel, $1,000; released. 76. May 11 - Schooner NARRAGANSETT foundered 11 miles off Goderich dur- ing heavy weather; vessel was in tow of steamer ADVANCE, having been picked up after being abandoned by the crew which landed at Point Aux Barques in safety; estimated value of vessel, $3,000; no cargo; total loss. 77. May 13 - Schooner HOMER stranded 2 miles south of Presque Isle dur- ing heavy weather; estimated damage to cargo, $500; released. 78. May 17 - Schooner SHENANDOAH stranded at Charity Island during heavy weather; estimated damage to vessel, $2,000; released. 79. May 21 - Steamer BOSTON stranded east of Cheboygan during dense fog and was lightered of cargo and released; estimated damage to ves- sel, $15,000; cargo, $3,000; total, $18,000; released. 80. May 22 - Schooner MONTMORENCI stranded on Charity Island during northeast gale; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 81. May 24 - Steamer O. T. FLINT received weather damage on Saginaw Bay during northeast gale to the extent of $2,000. 82. May 24 - Steamer PEWAUKEE stranded on Boisblanc Island during northeast gale; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 83. May 24 - Schooner GEORGE DAVIS stranded at Wenona Beach during northeast gale; estimated damage to vessel, $750. 84. May 24 - Steamer BALTIMORE foundered about 2 miles southeast of Oscoda during heavy northeast gale and carried down 12 of the crew; 2 of the crew were rescued; estimated value of vessel, $35,000; cargo, $4,000; total, $39,000; total loss. 85. May 30 - Steamer C. S. PARNELL collided with barge WHITWORTH 15 miles above Point Aux Barques during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel, $4,000. 86. May 30 - Barge WHITWORTH collided with steamer PARNELL, as above, and was damaged to the extent of $2,500. 87. June 11 - Tug FISHERMAN stranded on Thunder Bay Island during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel, $200; released. 88. July 5 - Steamer VENUS stranded at Presque Isle during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel, $20,000; released on 6th. 89. July 6 - Steamer WAVERLY in endeavoring to release the VENUS stranded; estimated damage to vessel, $1,000; released. 90. July 17 - Steamer S. K. MARTIN stranded near Harbor Beach during dense fog; jettisoned portion of cargo of lumber; estimated damage to vessel, nominal; released. 91. August 10 - Steamer WAVERLY stranded at Au Sable during northwest gale; estimated damage to vessel, $3,000; released. 92. August 10 - Schooner SHELDON in tow of the WAVERLY stranded at Au Sable during northwest gale and became a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $8,000; cargo, $1,000; total, $9,000; total loss. 93. August 31 - Barge DONALDSON became water-logged during stress of weather and beached; cargo of lumber lightered; estimated damage to vessel, $500; cargo, $500; total, $1,000; released. 94. August 31 - Schooner BOSCOBEL stranded during northwest gale in Tawas Bay; estimated damage to vessel, $700; released. 95. September 7 - Schooner VIENNA stranded at Harbor Beach during brisk northeast wind and dense smoke; estimated damaged to vessel, $500; released. 96. September 7 - Steamer JOHN H. PAULY stranded at Gratiot Light dur- ing dense smoke that settled over the lake during the day, with brisk northeast winds; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 97. September 7 - Steamer WAWATAM stranded at Gratiot Light during the dense smoke of the evening; estimated damage to vessel, $1,000; released. 98. September 7 - BARGE 202 stranded during the evening in the dense smoke and brisk northeast wind; estimated damage to vessel, $7,500; released. 99. September 7 - Steamer QUITO stranded at Gratiot Light during the smoke and northeast wind; estimated damage to vessel, $500. 100. September 7 - Barge MARION W. PAGE stranded at Gratiot Light during dense smoke and brisk northeast wind; estimated damage to vessel, $1,500; released. 101. September 7 - Tug SARNIA stranded at Gratiot Light during dense smoke and northeast wind; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 102. September 7 - Schooner AMARANTH stranded at Gratiot Light during dense smoke and brisk northeast wind; estimated value of vessel, $2,000; no cargo; total loss. 103. September 7 - Schooner JOHN WESLEY stranded at Harbor Beach during dense smoke; estimated damage to vessel, $750; released. 104. September 7 - Schooner ANDREW JACKSON stranded at Point Aux Barques during dense smoke and northeast wind and became a total loss; crew rescued by life savers; estimated value of vessel, $1,000; cargo, $500; total, $1,500; total loss. 105. September 7 - Steamer J. F. EDDY collided with raft in tow of tug GLADIATOR during dense smoke which prevailed over the lake during the day and night; estimated damage to vessel, $1,000. 106. September 8 - Steamer OTTAWA stranded on rock near Duck Island dur- ing dense smoke and was damaged to extent of $10,000; released. 107. September 15 - Schooner CANTON lost canvas and masts during heavy weather and 1 life lost by falling spars; estimated damage to ves- sel, $750; towed to Alpena for repairs. 108. September 16 - Schooner GRACE A. GRIBBIE lost canvas and deck load of lumber in northwest gale on mid lake; estimated damage to ves- sel, $1,000; cargo, $500; total, $1,500; towed by steamer OTTAWA to Tobermorey for repairs. 109. September 16 - Steamer BANNOCKBURN stranded at north piers, Harbor Beach, while trying to enter harbor during northwest gale; esti- mated damage to vessel, $2,000; cargo, $600; total, $2,600; released. 110. September 16 - Schooner SATURN foundered, after being abandoned, about 40 miles west of Southampton and became a total loss; no lives lost; estimated value of vessel, $20,000; cargo, $2,000; total, $22,000; total loss. This occurred during northwest gale. 111. September 16 - Schooner JUPITER became water-logged and was aban- doned on Saginaw Bay during northwest gale and drifted across the lake and became a total loss; 4 lives lost, the rest of the crew were rescued by use of raft; estimated value of vessel, $1,500; cargo, $2,000; total, $3,500; total loss. 112. September 16 - Steamer CITY OF CLEVELAND stranded 35 miles west of Cove Island during northwest gale and became a total loss; crew rescued; estimated value of vessel, $55,000; cargo, $6,000; total, $61,000; total loss. 113. September 19 - Schooner WESLEY stranded on Presque Isle during westerly gale; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 114. September 30 - Schooner MARY D. became water-logged during stress of weather and towed to Harbor Beach; damages nominal. 115. October 3 - Steamer FAUSTIAN dragged anchors in gale and stranded at Presque Isle; damages nominal. 116. October 12 - Schooner ALVINA stranded in Thunder Bay and became a total loss through stress of weather; estimated value of vessel, $1,500; cargo, $500; total, $2,000; total loss. 117. Schooner JULIA LARSON stranded at Point Aux Barques during heavy weather; crew rescued by life-savers; estimated value of vessel, $500; released. 118. October 24 - Steamer MARSHALL F. BUTTERS stranded on north side of Mackinac Island during thick weather; lightered cargo of lumber; estimated damage to vessel, nominal; cargo, $750; released. 119. November 7 - Schooner EUREKA water-logged through stress of weather and became a total loss; 1 life lost through exposure, remainder escaped on raft; estimated value of vessel, $2,000; cargo, $600; total, $2,600 total loss. 120. November 11 - Steamer PORTER CHAMBERLAIN, with schooner H. J. WEBB in tow, stranded in Gore Bay during heavy northwest gale and snow- storm, caught fire and became a total loss; estimated value of ves- sel, $10,000; no cargo; total loss; crew rescued. 121. November 11 - Schooner H. J. WEBB, in tow of the steamer PORTER CHAMBERLAIN, stranded in Gore Bay, caught fire and became a total loss; crew rescued; estimated value of vessel, $7,000; no cargo; total loss. 122. November 11 - Schooner GEORGE IRVING became water-logged during heavy northwest gale and was abandoned on Saginaw Bay and became a total loss two sailors rescued by steamer CITY OF MACKINAW; esti- mated value of vessel, $1,500; no cargo; total loss. 123. November 11 - Schooner MARINE CITY stranded on Scare Crow Island, Thunder Bay, during heavy weather and fog; was released, drifted across the lake, and was picked up by steamer INDIA (Can.); 4 of crew were put aboard to work her into harbor, when she foundered off Goderich with a loss of 4 lives; estimated value of vessel, $1,000; cargo, $750; total, $1,750; total loss. 124. November 11 - Schooner SWEETHEART stranded after breaking away from towing steamer at mouth of Georgian Bay, released with rock in hull; estimated damage to vessel, $500. 125. November 11 - Barge MONITOR was damaged through stress of weather off Thunder Bay Island and towed to Alpena for repairs; estimated damage to vessel, $500. 126. November 11 - Schooner HOWLAND stranded at Scare Crow Island during heavy weather; estimated damage to vessel, $1,000; cargo, $1,000; total, $2,000; released. 127. November 11 - Steamer EMERALD became water-logged in northwest gale off Port Hope and abandoned by crew; vessel drifted to the foot of the lake and was picked up by steamer WESTON and towed to Detroit for repairs; estimated damage to vessel, $2,000; cargo, $2,000; total, $4,000. 128. November 28 - Steamer WETMORE, with barges J. C. KING and BRUNETTE in tow, stranded on Rabbit Island, Georgian Bay, during northwest gale and snowstorm; crew rescued; estimated value of vessel, $18,000; cargo, $10,000; total, $28,000; total loss. 129. November 28 - Schooner JAMES C. KING, in tow of steamer WETMORE, stranded as above noted and became a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $4,000; cargo, $3,000; total, $7,000; total loss. 130. November 28 - Schooner BRUNETTE, in tow of steamer WETMORE, as above stated, stranded on Rabbit Island; estimated damage to vessel, $3,000; cargo, $2,000; total, $5,000; released. 131. December 2 - Schooner ANNA MARIA stranded on Middle Island Reef and released after jettisoning 100 tons of coal; estimated damage to vessel, $500; cargo, $500; total, $1,000. 132. December 8 - Steamer ROBERT HOLLAND and tow were damaged by ice in Saginaw Bay to the amount of $500; cargo, $1,500; total, $2,000. 133. December 8 - Steamer W. P. THEW and consort caught in ice in Saginaw Bay and damaged to the extent of $500 to vessel; cargo, $1,500; total, $2,000. LAKE ERIE During the season of navigation 19 vessels were more or less damaged through stress of weather and the prevalence of fog or smoke; 3 vessels became total losses, and 1 more may be added to the list before the opening of navigation; 12 were damaged through stress of weather, and 4 from fog conditions; the total loss for this lake was $39,000, of which amount $26,500, was in total losses; $12,500 in partial losses and $14,000 of this from fog conditions; there were 5 lives lost through weather and 16 from other causes, a less number than for many years past. 134. May 4 - Steamer A. A. PARKER stranded on Southwest Shoal during dense fog and was released with nominal damage. 135. May 10 - Steamer VEGA stranded off Hacketts Dock during heavy fog; estimated damage to vessel, $1,500; released. 136. Steamer LEWISTON stranded on Southeast Shoal during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel, $1,500; released. 137. Steam yacht NYMPH stranded at Point Abino during a dense fog and became a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $10,000; total loss. 138. May 13 - Steamer CONESTOGA stranded during fog at Bar Point; esti- mated damage to vessel, $1,000; released. 139. May 25 - Steamer BYRON WHITTAKER stranded in squall in Toledo Harbor; estimated damage to vessel, nominal. 140. Barge BIWABIK stranded in Toledo Harbor during squall, and released after lightering portion of cargo; damage nominal. 141. May 28 - Steamer GRECIAN stranded on Middle Ground, Pelee passage, during heavy weather; lightered and released; estimated damage to vessel, $3,000. 142. July 4 - Schooner TWIN SISTER collided with steamer JOHN CRAIG during thunder squall and sunk; estimated damage to vessel, $4,000; raised. 143. July 26 - Tug GOLDSMITH, with Breyman dredge No. 3 in tow, sank in the main Maumee Channel during heavy thunder squall; estimated damage to vessel and dredge, $750; raised. 144. October 12 - Barge MINERAL STATE was damaged in heavy southwest gale, losing spars and canvass; estimated damage to vessel, $500. 145. October 12 - Schooner MONT BLANC foundered during heavy southwest gale, 2 miles east of Bar Point and became a total loss; crew res- cued; estimated value of vessel, $3,500; cargo, $1,500; total, $5,000; total loss. 146. October 14 - Schooner KNAPP stranded at Ashtabula Harbor and was scuttled to prevent pounding during heavy gale; estimated damages, nominal; released. 147. October 15 - Schooner JOHN MINER dismasted during heavy weather; estimated damage to vessel, nominal. 148. October 19 - Schooner MANITOU was damaged in heavy weather, losing canvas and deck load of ties; estimated damage to vessel, $250. 149. October 20 - Steamer SWALLOW foundered off Long Point during moderate southwest gale and became a total loss; crew rescued; estimated value of vessel, $10,000; cargo, $1,500; total loss. 150. November 14 - U.S.S. HAWK dragged anchors and stranded in Cleveland Harbor in heavy northwest gale; released with nominal damage. 151. November 30 - Steamer MARK HOPKINS stranded 6 miles west of Long Point in the quicksands during thick weather. The vessel has not been released and may be a total loss before the opening of navi- gation should southwest gales prevail; estimated value, $40,000. LAKE ONTARIO During the season of navigation there were 7 casualties reported on this lake; no total losses; the amount of partial losses was $16,500, of which amount $500 was due to fog conditions. There were 7 lives lost on account of weather and none from other causes. 152. April 20 - Schooner TWO BROTHERS stranded on Oswego piers during heavy gale and seas; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 153. April 22 - Schooner W. J. SUFFELL was damaged by weather off King- ston, losing spars and canvas; estimated damage to vessel, $500. 154. May 30 - Steamer JOHN MILNE stranded 9 miles east of Oswego during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel, $500; released. 155. July 7 - Steamer ALBERTA stranded in southwest gale 3 miles east of Stony Point; estimated damage to vessel, $1,500; released. 156. August 29 - Steamer JOHN S. PARSONS stranded during stress of weather in Sherwin Bay; released with nominal damage. 157. November 28 - Tug DAUNTLESS cut down by ice at Ogdensburg; esti- mated damage to vessel, $500. 158. Barge ROBERVAL cut down by ice at Ogdensburg; estimated damage to vessel, $1,000; cargo of wheat, $12,000; total, $13,000; released. CONNECTING RIVERS 159. April 28 - Steamer Kennebec collided with steamer RHODA STEWART at Port Huron during the ice blockade; estimated damage to Kennebec, $1,000; STEWART, $1,000; total, $2,000. 160. May 1 - SICKEN and JAMES MOWATT collided during ice blockade; esti- mated damage to SICKEN, $500; MOWATT, $500; total, $1,000. 161. May 8 - Steamer PICKANDS and barge URANUS collided during ice blockade; estimated damage to PICKANDS, $1,000; URANUS, $2,500; total, $3,500. 162. May 9 - Steamers OGLESBA and JUPITER collided at the Flats during the ice jam; estimated damage to OGLESBA, $10,000; JUPITER, $5,000; total, $15,000. 163. May 11 - Schooner FOSTERIA was cut down by the ice at Fort Gratiot and foundered carrying down 2 lives; estimated value of vessel, $15,000; cargo, $1,000; total, $16,000; total loss. 164. June 11 - Barge 137 stranded at the Flats during fog; estimated damage to vessel, $1,000; released. 165. October 20 - Steamer CITY OF CLEVELAND stranded at Ballards Reef during dense fog, after anchoring for fog to lift, and hull was cut with rock; estimated damage to steamer, $20,000; released. 166. October 29 - Steamer AMAZONAS stranded on rock near Limekiln Crossing during dense fog; estimated damage to vessel, $4,000; released. 167. November 6 - Steamer LANSDOWNE and schooner MINCH collided opposite Detroit during fog; estimated damage to MINCH, $2,000. LOSS OF VESSELS DUE TO CAUSES OTHER THAN WEATHER May 3 - Tug TECUMSEH (Can.) became disabled off Gore Bay, was taken in tow by steamer GERMANIC, and suddenly sank, carrying down 4 per- sons; estimated value of vessel, $2,000; total loss. May 10 - Steamer BON VOYAGE caught fire, was beached, and burned to water's edge at Ship Canal, Lake Superior; 4 lives lost; esti- mated value of vessel, $15,000; cargo, $5,000; total, $20,000; total loss. May 12 - Tug CORA, lying at dock in River Rouge caught fire and became a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $3,600. May 24 - Tug CONSTANCE was sunk in collission in Menominee River at Menominee and became a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $2,000. June 14 - Steamer HERO (Can.) burned to water's edge at dock, Bellville, Lake Ontario, and became a total loss; estimated value of steamer, $7,500. August 7 - Schooner SMITH AND POST, lightship, Southeast Shoals, took fire and burned to water's edge, becoming a total loss; esti- mated value of vessel, $2,000. August 21 - Steam yacht GEO. SAUBER collided with steamer MCDOUGAL was sunk and became a total loss; at Fort Gratiot; estimated value of vessel, $2,000. September 21 - Steamer FEDORA caught fire on Lake Superior and was beached at Sand Island, becoming a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $85,000. September 24 - Schooner RALPH CAMPBELL caught fire and burned at dock at Chicago, becoming a total loss; estimated value of vessel, $1,500. September 29 - Tug EMPIRE (fishing tug) was burned and became a total loss in Detroit River; estimated value of vessel, $900. ===========================================================================