Copywright USGenNet Inc., 2005, All Rights Reserved U.S. Data Repository Please read U.S. Data Repository Copyright Statement on this page: HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY 1884 CHAPTER VII Military During the war of 1812-15 the militia organization in Washington County was efficient, but with the exception of a few excursions in pursuit of Indian horse-thieves, and frequent musters to become proficient, and to be in readiness for any outbreak that might occur, and to engender a feeling of public security, saw no active service. At the time of the organization of the county in 1814, John DePauw was Colonel of the Ninth Militia Regiment and Thomas Denny, Samuel Huston, George French, Abasalom Sargent, John Beck, Henry Dewalt, Charles Busey and John Royse were Captains of the companies composing the regiment, and all members were residents of the county. These men and others had previously been officers in this Territory while it was yet a part of Harrison and Clarke Counties. Later in 1814, Clifton Glazebrook, Jesse Roberts, William Kennedy, Jesse Durham and John Maxwell were Captains. Jesse Roberts was promoted to Majority of the regiment. Nearly all the leading citizens of the county were from that time forward, at some date, officers of the county companies, and every citizen of the county not conscientiously opposed to bearing arms was in time a member of the local "corn-stalk militia." With the departure of all fear of danger from any hostile foe, the militia sank to the lowest ebb of inefficiency, but seemed to be at the flood of popularity as large crowds habitally assembled on "training day" to sport and frolic. The Mexican War The war with Mexico roused the martial spirit of the people, and more than a full company was raised in the county. Soon after the call of the President for volunteers, May 13, 1846, Abraham Dennis and David C. Shanks announced their intention of raising a company, and accordingly called a meeting at the court house to raise volunteers. Several other meetings were held, and soon the necessary number of men were ready. Several of the leading citizens also assisted by speeches at these meetings one being Col. Henry Young. The Whig party was opposed to the war to prevent the assession of slave territory, and the Democratic party led by the Southern wing was in favor of the war for the opposite reason. The members of the company were mainly young men from both parties. A day or two before the departure of the company for New Albany, the place of regimental rendezvous, a fine flag was publicly presented to the company by the citizens of Salem. The boys were drawn up in rank on the street northwest of the court house, and were addressed by Miss Patsy Gordon, who with appropriate remarks, fittingly rendered, presented them the banner on behalf of the town and county. Capt. Dennis responded for the company pledging their lives to maintain the sacredness of the flag. On the day the company departed, Rev. Cyrus Nutt, a resident minister, afterward for many years President of the Indiana State University, delivered them an eloquent speech of considerable length. This ceremony was held at the cemetery. The iron paling around the grave of Mr. Buckman, a revolutionary soldier, was taken down, piled up and on this, it is asserted, was placed his tombstone, and upon this stood Mr. Nutt while delivering his speech. Immediately after this each member of the company was presented with a Testament, and then the march for New Albany in wagons and on horseback was commenced. The Muster Roll ABRAHAM DENNIS, Capt; DAVID C. SHANKS, First Lieutenant; JOSIAH BURWELL, Second Lieutenant; THOMAS C. PARR, Third Lieutenant; ROBERT R. McKINNEY, BENJAMIN F. NICHOLSON, ANDREW H. RATTS and MOSES M. JOHNSON, Sergeants; CHRISTIAN L. PAYNTER, JAMES McKINNEY, D.C. THOMAS and DAVID PARR,Corporals; LEMUEL WEEKS and ALEXANDER M. WOODS, Musicians Privates: HORACE N. ATKINSON, GEORGE BOGLE, JAMES BOGLE, JOWEPH W. BOLING, SAMUEL J. BOLING, F.W. BRISCOE, JOHN BUNCH, BENJAMIN COUSEN, ISOM CLARK, L.B. COGSWELL, DAVID COLGLAZURE, PETER COLGLAZURE, ELIJAH CROTTS, JOHN DALTON, WILLIAM EARLY, WILLIAM ENGLAND, RILEY FLEMING, JACOB FLEENOR, BART FLETCHER, ARCHIBALD GOLDEN, JOHN GRIMES, LEWIS HAMPTON, JACOB HAMMERSLY, MICHAEL HARDMAN, SAMUEL HUGHES, HENRY HOGAN, GEORGE HEADRICKS, GUS JONES, JAMES KEARNS, GEORGE LANE, MICHAEL LEE, JOHN LEACH, GEORGE LUCK, GEORGE LAUNIS, ASA LOVELACE, PHINEAS LITTLE, JAMES LOCKHART, MALACHI McCOY, JAMES McCOY, GEORGE W. Mc LAIN, WILLIAM E. NEWCOMB, HENRY NAUGLE, GEORGE NAUGLE, FRANK PERDUE, WILEY PEUGH, W.R. REEVES, JONATHAN ROSS, BENJ. RUSH, WILLIAM RICHARDSON, JAMES SLADEN, WILLIAM SPAULDING, JOSEPH STOTTS, DAVID STORY, WILEY SPURGEON, SAMUEL TRUEBLOOD, D. UPINGHOUSE, JOHN WATKINS, OSBORN WILSON, OLLIE WILSON, NATHAN WILSON, WILLIAM WILSON, ABRAHAM WACHTEL, JAMES WEBB, WILLIAM WINGLER SAMUEL WESTFALL. Those who died of disease were JOHN LEACH and F.M. PERDUE Those killed in battle or died of wounds there received were: THOMAS C. PARR, MICHAEL LEE, WILLIAM RICHARDSON AND JAMES H. SLADEN, Those discharged during the term of the service; S.J. BOLING, J.W. BOLING, JACOB HAMMERSLY, W.E. NEWCOMB, GEORGE LANNIS, J.R. LOCKHART, J.M. RICHARDSON AND DAVID UPINGHOUSE. The company of Capt. Dennis became D of the Second Regiment Indiana Volunteers, and was mustered into the United States service at New Albany about the 22nd. of June, 1846. Return of the Mexican Volunteers Upon returning home the company brought with them the corpse of Thomas C. Parr. The boys were met at New Albany by a large delegation of their relatives and neighbors, who had gone there with wagons to convey them home. In a few days all that was mortal of Thomas C. Parr was consigned to a grave in the Salem Cemetery, a large crowd being present. Appropriate Christian ceremonies dignified the occasion, and a volley of musketry was fired over the grave of the dead soldier. About this time, a barbecue was held in the honor of the boys. They were marched in rank out on the Orleans road nearly a mile, to a fine grove, where a large crowd assembled and where several fatted calves browned and sputtered over a roaring fire. Rev. William Shanks delivered the welcoming address, to which several members of the company replied, detailing their experiences in the land of the Montezumas, Capt. Nathan Kimball and Lieut. L.Q. Hoggart. both of whom had served in other companies in the same regiment, delivered lengthy addresses. All ate of the roasted beef, and left on the ground enough for the buzzards which hovered around for several days. Capt. Kimball's Company It seems that another company was raised for the Mexican war in the counties of Washington, Orange and Lawrence, mainly in the vicinity of Livonia. The details cannot be given, though after much trouble a copy of the muster-roll at the time of muster-out was obtained from Indianapolis. A few men of the company were from Lawrence, though the most were from western Washington County and Eastern Orange. The company was raised mainly by Dr. Nathan Kimball, who became the Captain, and by William Schoonover, who became First Lieutenant. The following is the complete muster roll: NATHAN KIMBALL, Captain WILLIAM SCHOONOVER, First Lieutenant W.E. PANABAKER, Second Lietenant THOMAS T. HOGAN Third Lietenant DANIEL HAINES, Philandereon D. KELSO, ARTHUR HOMER and E. BLALOCK, Sargents JOHN JACKSON, SIMEON LYNN, JAMES CODLE, and THOMAS RAWLINS, Corporals T.B. WILMOTH and JOHN M. REDFIELD, Musicians and the following privates: BOSTON YOUNGER, DEKALB BLALOCK, INGLEDON BURTON, SEBASTIAN BURKHARD, MARTIN CROMER, JOHN COOPER, JOHN DAUGHTERY, B.G. DOLLINS, JAMES DICKS, THOMAS ELLIOTT, CHRISTIAN GASSAWAY, JOHN GRIMES, JESSE HARRISON, DAVID L. HUTCHINSON, ELIJAH HONEYMAN, WILLIAM HANEY, JOHN LLOYD, WILLIAM LLOYD, DAVID A. LAGLE, BENJAMIN MOORE, HENRY MULVANY, W.P. McBROOM, JAMES McMILLAN, JR. , JOHN NELSON, ABE J. OLIVER, SAMUEL PURKHISER, JONATHAN J. PEARSON, JOHN PEARSON, JONATHAN POE, IRA POE, MATTHEW QUEEN, SILAS QUICK, WILLIAM A. ROLL, JOSEPH H. RADCLIFF, W.R. REANIER, ISAAC C. SMITH, SIMEON E. SMITH, WILLIAM SULLIVAN, JAMES R. SPENCER, B.W. SUTHERLAND, ISAAC G. VEACH, THOMAS WHITAKER, WILLIAM W. WINDERS. All thse men were mustered out June 23, 1847. The following men were discharged for disability from the company: ANDREW HURD, ALEXANDER McKENZIE, WILLIAM W. STANDIFORD, JOSEPH McCREARY, JOHN BREWER, W.J. HURD, JOHN ARNOLD, W.H. NELSON, AARON KIDD, CORNELIUS PURKHISER, THOMAS HENSON, LEWIS HOGAN, STEPHEN J. MOBLEY, MARTIN GELWICK, WILLIAM RAMSEY, JAMES J. HOGAN. The following died: EDWARD BILES, JOSEPH DEWEES The following was missing: WILLIAM ANDREW These men became Company G. of the Second Indiana Regiment, and participated in the battle of Buena Vista, DAVID SHANKS was promoted to the Adjutancy of the regiment, and JAMES A. CRAVENS, of Washington County, was Major. He spoke at the barbecue given the Salem Company on thier return. WILLIAM R. HADDON, of Sullivan County, was Lieutenant-Colonel. Public Sentiment in 1861 In Washington County as well as all the Northern States, especially those containing a large sprinkling of emigrants from the South, public opinion on the question which divided the country in 1860-61 was under going a revolution, and necessarily there were all shades of political opinion. On the secession of the Southern States The Times (Houston and Trueblood, editors) of January 3, 1861, said: "We are clearly of the opinion that a judicious firmness on the part of the Chief Executive at the outbreak of this disunion movement at the South would have done more toward quelling it than all the compromises, concessions or patriotic appeals that have been or can be made by our wisest statesmen.** He (the President) gave then an inch and they have taken a span. They have not been in the least checked in their traitorous movements, but have gained strength from the beginning. The see clearly that they are likely to meet with no resistance from the Federal power and they are doubly bold in executing their damning plans of disunion. It would be useless for us to attempt to express our opinion in regard to the cowardly course of the President-we fail to find words severe enough in the English language and therefore cannot do the subject justice. Poor old wretch -what can he promise himself while he is permitted to live on earth and when he knows in a few years at most he must go down to the grave 'unwept, unhonored and unsung?' " The Democrat (Horace Heffren, editor,) of the same date said: "When Abe Lincoln and his abolition hordes or Republican allies undertake to compel our Southern brethren to surrender their rights and liberties, to compel them by fire and sword and at the cannon's mouth and bayonet's point, to give up their rights, then we become a private in the Southern Army, and do by them as LaFayette did by our Fathers." These two quotations show the two extreme views, and between these were representatives of every shade. January 10, 1861, a Union meeting was held at the court house, the principal speakers being R. Boling of Kentucky, T.M. Brown, of New Albany, and C.L. Dunham, each of whom spoke eloquently in favor of maintaining the Union. Later numerous similar meetings were held throughout the county. All, or nearly all, wanted the Union preserved. A very large and enthusiastic meeting was held at Livonia, January 26, the leading speakers being Rev. S.E. Barr, Hon. J.A. Cravens and others. A long series of resolutions was adopted urging that compromises should be used to prevent war or disunion. Another meeting was held at Little York, the speakers being R. Boling, John L. Morrison and Rev. A. Hubbard. J.M. Seifres presided, Resolutions asking for a compromise were adopted. February 16, a public meeting was held at Salem, on which occasion a series of resolutions was adopted, two of them being as follows: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Resolved, That in view of the geographical position of the State of Indiana in the United States of America, her commercial, agricultural, mechanical and manufacturing interests being, as in our judgment we conceive them to be, interwoven and fostered chiefly by the South and Southern institutions, that a separation therefrom wold be fatal to the prosperity, glory and wealth of our beloved State. And that while we deprecate and deplore a separation of our glorious Union and believe it to be our duty as well as our interest to do all that can be done to avert so fearful a calamity, yet if separation must and will come the line of separation must run north of us. Resolved, That we look with fear and horror upon any attempt, either of the State or Federal Government to compel us to take up arms against our Southern brethren, and while we regret to see this Government crumbling away and its foundation broken up, yet we prefer that peaceable dissolution should take place rather than coercion, which is but another name for civil war, and when the time comes, if come it must and we are compelled to choose between marching under the banner of coercion and the banner of a people fighting to preserve and retain their equal rights and liberties, we should be wanting in patriotism and oblivious to the example of the heroes and patriot sires of the Revolution should we do else than shoulder our arms and follow that flag upon whose ample folds is inscribed Liberty and Ewual Rights to all against any and all opposers come from where they may. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This was the majority report of the meeting. The minority reports were read, but their adoption was rejected. Public affairs were anxiously watched and every act was closely scrutinized. A large element in the county believed that Mr. Lincoln's administration was making a mistake in not crushing the Rebellion at the earliest moment and the speediest manner. They misapprehended the design of Mr. Lincoln. They looked upon his hesitancy as a practical acknowledgement that no way could be seen under the Constitution of a settlement of existing differences. They tought the administration weak, vacillating and without that courage which accompanies conviction. This view was taken, at first, by The Times, but soon was dispelled by the gigantic preparations for war on the part of the administration following the fall of Fort Sumter. The Fall of Fort Sumter The news of the fall of Fort Sumter occasioned great excitement in Washingon County, and within a week a company was raised and its service tendered the Governor. S.D. Sayles, H. N. Atkisson, A.C. Trueblood and others were active in raising these men. A dispatch from Adjt-Gen. Wallace stated that the State quota was full, and that the company could not then be received, but should be kept in readiness for the first opening. At this time there were strong expressions from many prominent men of the county. One declared that he would rather fight under the palmetto flag of South Carolina than under the stars and stripes. Others declared that the administration was Constiutionaly powerless to maintain the Union-that coercion could not be resorted to under the Constitution. The Times said: " The heart of every true lover of the Union is fired into a blaze of indignation at the attack on Fort Sumter and the insults offered to the star-spangled banner, the pride of the United States, and her true hearted sons and daughters. Shall this glorious Union be destroyed, broken up, wiped out, by rebels who are rallying under a rattlesnake flag? is a question that rises in the mind of every patriot. Shall the American flag be insulted and trailed in the dust? Will Union men look quietly on and see the Capitol fall into the hands of traitors? Never! Never!" The same issue said: "The war excitement among our citizens has put a check to all kinds of business. The shrill notes of the fife, the reverberating sound of the drum, and the steady measured tread of the marching soldiers, are the order of the day and part of the night. Crowds of men assemble upon the sidewalk, and but one subject engages their attention, and that is war, and we rejoice to say that the Union sentiment grows stronger every day." and also: "We are glad to see so many of our citizens interested in the formation of a Home Guard. This is right, for while our friends and relatives are gone to fight for our country, our people and property must be protected at home." The Democrat came out with the following editorial. "War Begun We give up as much room as we can to the war news of the day. The battle has begun, and God only know when it will end. War with 'his grim visaged front,' and all its attendant horrors is upon us. The Abolition party of the land are responsible for the calamity. They are the ones on whose heads should be visited the fierce furies of popular indignation. Abraham Lincoln has done the deed that all good men should regret. He has laid his impious hand upon the best government man was ever blessed with. By his touch the Union crumbles to pieces. By his orders Civil war was inaugurated; brother make to fight against brother; and he is but the embodiment of the party he leads. When such men as Seward and Chase and Wade and Giddings and Greeley control the administration, what can we expect? Lincoln, to all appearances an imbecile old ignoramus, is an instrument in the hands of bad men to destroy, the Union. Everything he touches withers and crumbles away like the sensitive plant from the touch of mortal. Yet we have been told by these Republicans that there was no danger. The second Washington could make all right, and he told us nobody was hurt. Commerce is stagnated, industry is paralyzed, in short, everything is prostrated, and nobody is hurt. A great sage is this Lincoln! Now he imbrues his hands in the blood of his country men and calls for 75,000 Abolition cohorts to help him carry devastation and carnage among our southern brethren: and Gov. Morton, the coward at heart, aids and abets him. Indiana is called upon for six regiments of volunteers, amounting to about 6,000 troops, to go south and fight the men whose ancestors came to the wilds of Indiana, and protected us from the tomahawk and scalping knife. We are asked to forget Jo Davies and his noble men, whose bones lie sleeping at Tippecanoe, where they gave up their lives to save our people. We are asked to fight the friends, relatives and neighbors of Washington, Henry, Jackson and Jefferson. We are bid by Abolition leaders to plunge the bayonet to the hearts of our best friends, and make carnage and distress on every hand and side. Men of Washington County, will you do it? Will you imbrue your hands in the blood of your friends? Will you wage war upon your kinsmen? No, you never will. Your hearts beat responsive to the 'rights of the South,' and of her heroic sons. You cannot be base enough to do so horrid and damnable an act. You could not degrade yourselves by so ungrateful a course, and if you could you would be deserving the scorn and contempt of the world; and should be held up as worse than Judas Iscariot. As for ourselves, we say openly and boldly, come life or death, come weal or woe, we never will raise our hands or pay one farthing to aid in the ungodly act of waging a war upon the Southern people, who demand their rights and nothing more. May our arm be palsied before we even attempt the act. We go a step further, and say we do not desire trouble in Indiana, and that we believe no one except hot headed-foods do, but we never want to see men mustering in old Washington to fight our friends, for we have no doubt serious trouble would be the consequence." Departure of the First Company Early in May (the 9th,) a dispatch was received from Indianapolis that the company of Capt. Sayles should proceed without delay to that city, and accordingly preparations were made to leave the next day. A large crowd assembled to see the boys off. They were escorted to the depot by the Salem Home Guards and the Silver Greys. Here they were drawn up in rank and addressed by Messers. May, Martin, Dunham and Heffren, in patriotic and eloquent speeches of good advise and affectionate farewell. Capt. Sayles replied on behalf of the company. The occasion was sorrowful and impressive, and scores wept bitter tears for dear ones they never again expected to see. At last the train came, and the boys left amid the tears and clinging farewells of loved ones. At Indianapolis they remained until June 19, and were then mustered into the United States service for three years as Company G. of the Thirteenth Regiment, with the following officers: STEPHEN D. SAYLES, CAPTAIN; HORACE N. ATKISSON, FIRST LIEUTENENT; E.M. BUTLER, SECOND LIEUTENENT. Sketch of the Thirteenth Regiment The Thirteenth Regiment was first accepted for State service for one year, but later was one of the four regiments that first entered the United States service for three years, and was mustered in at Indianapolis, June 19, 1861, with Col. J.C. Sullivan in command. On the 4th. of July the regiment left Indianapolis and joined Gen. McCellan's forces, near Rich Mountain, Va. on the 10th. The next day it fought in the battle of Rich Mountain, losing eight killed and nine wounded. On the 13th. it moved to Beverly, thence to Cheat Mountain Pass, where it skirmished several times with the forces of Gen. Lee. It moved in the reconnaissance on Greenbrier, October 3, and from October 29 to November 7 engaged in scouting expeditions. December 13, it fought at Allegheny under Gen. Milroy, and the 19th. left Beverly and joined Gen. Lander at Green Spring Run where it remained until spring, taking part in several expeditions. Early in March 1862, it moved to Winchester, then scouted to Strasburgh, thence returned to Winchester and fought in the battle of Winchester Heights, March 22, losing six killed and 33 wounded. It pursued Jackson's army to New Market and Columbia Bridge. Early in May R.S. Foster became Colonel. May 7, at Summerville, the regiment lost in a skirmish 4 wounded and 24 prisoners. It moved to Port Republic, thence to Luray, thence to Alexandria, thence by steamer, June 28, to Harrison's Landing, James River, arriving July 2. August 15, it started for Fortress Monroe; thence, August 30, moved to Suffolk, on Nansemond River, where it remained nine months, marching during that time over 400 miles, and losing in numerous movements 2 killed 19 wounded and 7 prisoners. The principal movements were reconnaissances to Black Water; battle of Deserted Farm, January 30, 1863; action with Gen. Longstreet in April and May; and the destruction of forty miles of railroad track. In June C.J. Dobbs became Colonel. In various movements it reached White House, occupied Portsmouth and Folly Island, remaining at the latter place several months, skirmishing at Morris Island, assaulting Fort Wagner September 7, and veteranizing in December at Folly Island. It then returned home veteran furlough. February 23, 1864, it moved to Jacksonville Fla., and April 17, moved to transports on Gloucester Point Va., thence ascended James River, landing at Bermuda Hundred May 5. It participated in the action at Wathal Junction May 7, Chester Station May 10, Foster's Farm May 20, losing in all about 200 men. It joined the Army of the Potomac June 1, fought at Cold Harbor June 3, and took active part in other movements until June 12; thence returned to White House; thence removed to Bermuda Hundred; thence June 15, assaulted the works of Petersburg after the mine explosion; then occupied the Federal trenches until September; then, September 15, fought at Strawberry Plains; at Chapin's Bluff; at Fort Gilmore, the 19th.; and October 10, on the defenses of Richmond. In November it was sent to New York City to maintain order; thence December 3, moved to Fort Fisher, but returned to Chapin's Bluff the 31st. December 6, 1864, the regiment was formed into a battalion of five companies, but later was made a full regiment by the addition of five companies of drafted men. January 15, 1865, it engaged in the assault on Fort Fisher, and February 19 helped capture Fort Andrews. It occupied Wilmington February 22; thence moved to Raleigh, where it remained until July 20; thence moved to Goldsboro, September 5, 1865. it was mustered out and sent home, reaching Indianapolis the 15th. with 29 officers and 550 enlisted men. War and Mass Meetings In May 1861, it was found that the war was likely to continue much longer than at first expected, and the rapid formation of militia companies occurred in several places. Saturday, May 18, John I Morrison, Rev. Henry Wright, and others at South Boston, delivered war addresses and a full company was raised with Jasper Rodman, Captain and Horace Gray, First Lieutenant. About this time also a cavalry company was formed and two or three companies of Home Guards. An enormous Union Meeting was held at Livonia, May 25, by the citizens of Washington and Orange Counties, W.R. Wimble serving as Chairman and E.P. Huston, Secretary. Several thousands people were present, and intense loyalty and enthusiasm prevailed. A long series of loyal resolutions was adopted, one being as follows: "Resolved: That we approve of the vigorous but cautious steps being taken as a last resort by the Government and Gen. Scott to check and put down the treasonable rebellion and re-establish its rightful claims, authority and supremacy over the places and property belonging to the United States and its legal jurisdiction within the seceded States." John L. Morrison spoke eloquently for an hour, and followed by Revs. McKaux, Barr and Hutchinson. It was the strongest Union Meeting up to this time. June 1, another large loyal meeting was held at Kossuth Postoffice, Monroe, Township. A combined pole of hickory and poplar was erected up which was run the American Flag amid repeated cheers. On the flag in large letters was the word "Union" The parties had united. John L. Morrison, Prof. James G. May, Thomas Tanner and Messrs. Young, McRae and Glover were the speakers. June 8, a large meeting of the same kind was held at Flowers Gap, Polk Township, a Union pole seventy feet high was erected, and a fine silk flag was run up by the ladies of the vicinity. John L. Morrison spoke for an hour and a half. Early in June Capt. Sayles and Maj. Heffren took to Indianapolis forty-three recruits for the company former. The news of the death of Stephen A. Douglas occasioned profound sorrow throughout the county. A very large Union meeting was held at Claysville, June 15, with William Hays, Chairman, and E.P. Huston Secretary. John L. Morrison and James A. Cravens were the principal speakers. A tall Union pole was erected. Loyal vocal music was furnished by Mrs. M. Child, and Misses L. Child, M. Fox, E. Collier, L. Snodgrass and Alexander. Loyal resolutions were adopted. The county was throughly aroused at this time, and loyal meetings were held in almost every church and schoolhouse. About the 1st. of July a company was formed near Kansas Schoolhouse, Howard Township, with Jonah Green, Captain. At this time D.C. Thomas called for volunteers for three years or the war to report at the Wilson House. A company under Capt. E.W. Shanks was formed in Pierce Township about this time. At this time the Advocate (Morrison and Huston, editors) deplored the fact of so many men leaving the county to enlist. The fourth of July was celebrated at Salem and other places. Prof. May delivered a eloquent and loyal address an hour and a half in length. Dr. J.B. Wilson read The Declaration of Independence. Two thousand people were present. A company had been formed before this at Martinsburg under Captain Voyles. A fine enthusiastic Union meeting was held at Millersburg, Orange County. July 20 a large meeting was held at Martinsburg, Prof. May addressing the crowd. Capt. Voyles' company paraded. The Second Company for the War On the 27th. Of July, 1861, the second company for the war left the county, the officers being: CAPT. DEWITT C. THOMAS and LIEUTS. JAMES T. HOLLWELL and T.F. MORRISON. Hundreds of citizens assembled at the depot to see the boys off. Farewell speeches were delivered by Prof. May and John L. Morrison. At times there was scarcely a dry eye in the audience. The Company moved to Indianapolis, and was there made Company G. of the Eighteenth Regiment. Capt. Thomas was promoted to the Majority of the regiment and the officers of the company became, JOHN W. JONES, CAPTAIN, JAMES T. HOLLOWELL, FIRST LIEUTENANT, THEOPHILUS F. MORRISON, SECOND LIEUTENANT. The company was mustered in August 16, 1861. Sketch of the Eighteenth Regiment The Eighteenth Regiment was first commanded by Col. Thomas Pattison. August 17 it moved to St. Louis, thence participated in Fremont's movement on Springfield and on Otterville, thence assisted in capturing many prisoner's at Black Water. In February it moved to Cross Hollows, thence to the battle-field of Pea Ridge, thence participated in the engagement near Leetown, March 6, where it recaptured the guns of the Peoria Artillery. The next day it fought near Elkhorn Tavern. April 6 it moved toward Helena, fighting at Cotton Plant on the way. It reached Sulphur Springs Mo., about October 13, and remained on duty in this vicinity during the winter of 1862-63. In the spring of 1863 it joined Grant's Army, participated in the movement on Grand Gulf, fighting at Port Gibson, capturing a stand of colors and several pieces artillery, fighting at Champion Hills May 15, and at Black River Bridge May 17. During the siege of Vicksburg it was actively engaged in one of the assaults, holding the Rebel works eight hours. After the surrender the regiment moved to New Orleans, thence in the campaign up Teche River. November 12 it started for Texas; engaged in the capture of Mustang Island the 17th., and in the attack on Fort Esparanza the 27th.. January 1, 1864, the regiment veteranized, and returned home on furlough, but on the way assisted in defeating a Rebel force organized to attack Baton Rouge. July 16 the regiment took the field again in Virginia, joining Butler's forces at Bermuda Hundred, and skirmishing several times near Deep Bottom. August 15, it was transferred to Washington City and August 19 joined Gen. Sheridan. September 19 it fought at Opequon, losing fifty-four killed and wounded and thirty-five prisoners at Cedar Creek. In January 1865, it moved to Savannah, where for three months if built fortifications. May 3 it moved to Augusta, Ga. but June 7 returned to Savannah. August 28, 1865, it was mustered out and sent home, reaching Indiapolis September 17. Recruiting Early in August about twenty men left Gibson Township, joining Company H of the twenty-second Regiment, raised in Lexington, Scott County. Messrs. Glover and Applegate recruited men early in August. Public mass meetings continued to be held throughout the county. Late in August (the 24th.), in a large meeting held at Salem, the following resolution of many was adopted: "Resolved, that after making due allowance for the necessities of public danger, we have been compelled to witness with pain and regret the unwarranted and impolitic exercise of power on the part of the present Administration, believing as we do that all acts of usurpation furnish most potent strength to the wicked and insane rebellion now so rife in the land." The Third Company for the War August 24 the third company for the war left the county. Its officers were JOHN B. GLOVER, CAPTAIN; STEPHEN C. ATTKISSON, FIRST LIEUTENANT; JAMES H. LOW, SECOND LIEUTENANT. The men became Company D of the Thirty-eight Regiment, organized at Camp Noble, New Albany, and were mustered in September 18. A large crowd attended the Company to the depot at Salem on the occasion of departure. John I. Morrison delivered the farewell address, a speech singularly impressive, strong, eloquent and patriotic. Roger Martin followed him in a fine speech. The sketch of this regiment will be found elsewhere in this volume. Another Company for the War During September Mr. Campbell bought horses in the county for the Calvary. W.L. McKnight called for a company of Calvary. In September, October and November various fragments of volunteers raised in the county were finally united and became Company C of the Fiftieth Regiment. Only about two-thirds of this company were from this county. The officers being: H.N. ATKISSON, CAPTAIN; JOSEPH L. MARSH, FIRST LIEUTENANT; DELOSS HEFFREN, SECOND LIEUTENANT. They were mustered in at various times during the above mentioned months. Later ATTKISSON was promoted Manjor and Lieutenant Colonel. DR. W.C. FLACK of Salem, was REGIMENTAL SURGEON later. HORACE HEFFREN was LIETTENANT-COLONEL about nine months in 1861-62. CYRUS DUNHAM was COLONEL. Sketch of the Fiftieth Regiment The Fiftieth Regiment was raised at Seymour, December 25. It moved from New Albany to Bardstown, Ky. and later to Bowling Green, and soon afterward took position as guard along the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. August 20, 1862, Captain Atkisson, with twenty men in a stockade near Edgefield Junction, was attacked by 1,000 men under John Morgan, and repulsed them three successive times in three hours' sharp fighting, killing eight and wounding eighteen. In September the regiment moved to Munfordville, and here on the 14th. fell into the enemy's hands. The men were paroled, returned to Indiana, and November 1 were exchanged, and on the 10th. reached Jackson, Tenn. December 31 it fought all day at Parker's Cross Roads, Ky., capturing 200 prisoners and seven pieces of artillery. It remained near Jackson during the winter of 1862-63, and in the spring moved to Collierville, thence to Memphis, thence to Little Rock, Ark., where it engaged the enemy, thence in September 1863, to Lewisburg where it remained on garrison duty until May 17, 1864. In March 2,350 of the regiment were veternized. On the Camden expedition it fought at Terre Noir, April 2; Prairie Leon, April 10; Redmound, April 17; Camden, April 17 and Sabine River April 30. In August it took returned furlough and returned to Little Rock and did garrison duty three months. In December the non-veterans were mustered out, and the remainder about- 450 - were consolidated into a battalion of five companies. Early in January 1865, it moved on the Sabine River expedition, and in February moved down to Mobile where it participated in the siege of Spanish Fort; the capture of Mobile, April 10; skirmished at Whistler's Station, April 11, and May 26 was consolidated with the Fifty-second Regiment. It was mustered out at Montgomery, Ala., September 10, 1865. During the winter of 1861-62 but few men left the county for the war. The citizens anxiously watched and waited. As the news of the battles of Millsprings, Fort Donelson, Pittsburg Landing, etc. reached the county. the Union successes were applauded and hope gave place to gloom. During the spring aid societies were organized in the county. About the first of June 1862, a call was made for a company for three months' service by J.H. Redfield, L.S. Hopkins, E.M. Butler and Henry Cortham. The Fourth of July was celebrated in five or six places in the county. Captain Redfield's Company Under the call of July 2, 1862, for 300,000 men, the county began to stir herself. The Advocate and Banner of Liberty came out vigorously for volunteers. By the 16th. of July Capt. J.H. Redfield and others had raised a full company for the reorganized Sixteenth Regiment. On the 22nd. of July the company was presented with a beautiful flag by Miss Sallie J. Reybill on behalf of the ladies of New Philadelphia. L.W. Jamison replied on behalf of the company, and three rousing cheers were given for the fair donors. Soon after this the company joined its regiment, its officers being: JAMES H. REDFIELD, CAPTAIN; CYRUS RAYBILL, FIRST LIEUTENANT; JOHN N. THOMPSON, SECOND LEIUTENANT. It became Company B. and was mustered in August 18. Sketch of the Sixteenth Regiment The Sixteenth Regiment reorganized May 27, 1862, was mustered in August 19, 1862, with Col. T.J. Lucas in command, and on that day left for Kentucky to assist in repelling Kirby Smith. August 30 it fought at Richmond Ky., losing the appalling number of 200 men killed and wounded and 600 prisoners. The prisoners were paroled and sent to Indianapolis, and were exchanged November 1. November 20 it moved to Cairo, thence to Memphis, and December 1 down the river on the Vicksburg campaign, marching on the way sixty-five miles in thirty-six hours, cutting the Texas & Shreveport Railroad at Dallas, swimming two bayous, destroying ten miles of railroad, and burning $1,000,000 worth of rebel cotton. January 1, 1863, it fought at Chickasaw Bayou, and January 10 reached Arkansas Post and skirmished with the enemy. On the following day it fought there gallantly, losing seventy-seven men killed and wounded, and was the first to plant its colors on the fort. Later in January it worked on the canal at Young's Point. April 14 it moved from Milliken's Bend to Smith's plantation; thence moved to Perkin's plantation, thence to Hard Times Landing; thence moved below Grand Gulf and encamped. April 30 it moved to Bruinsburg; thence moved toward Fort Gibson. May 1 it engaged the enemy late in the day, and May 2 moved into Fort Gibson. May 16 it skirmished near Edward's Station, and later fought at Black River Bridge. May 19 it entered the trenches before Vicksburg. May 22 it was hotly engaged for nearly ten continuous hours, often within a few feet of the enemy's works. During the siege it lost sixty men killed and wounded. It participated in the Jackson movement then returned to Vicksburg, then moved to New Orleans where it was mounted. It guarded numerous points, joined the expedition in October up Bayou Teche, skirmishing continually until January 2, 1864, then returned to New Orleans. It was then refitted and remounted, and then moved with Gen. Banks up Red River, participating in this expedition in sixteen engagements. It then did outpost duty until mustered out June 30, 1865. It was transferred to the Thirteenth Indiana Calvary early in 1865. Indianapolis was reached July 10. The recruits with unexpired terms were transferred to the Thirteenth Calvary. Other Events and War Companies On Saturday the 2nd of August, 1862, an enormous war meeting was held on the fair ground, east of Salem, 5,000 people being present. Rev. Henry Wright was Chairman for the occasion. James A. Cravens delivered a long speech before basket dinner was served, taking the position of vigorously prosecuting the war. After dinner Col. Roger Martin took the stand and made a thrilling and thoroughly loyal address of an hour's length. He was followed by H.S. McRae,Esq. A series of patriotic resolutions introduced by J.H. Butler was adopted. A subscription of $118.50 was raised for soldiers families. The enlistment of men rapidly continued under hard work and threats of the draft. A company of 107 men raised in the county under Capt. J.N. Rodman was the first in camp early in August for the Sixty-sixth Regiment and thus won a prize of $400. The officers were: JASPER N. RODMAN, CAPTAIN; SAMUEL P. REID, FIRST LIEUTENANT; WILLIAM H. PETERS, SECOND LIEUTENANT. It became Company B. About the same time another company raised at Saltillo left and became Company A of the Sixty-sixth, with the following officers: JOHN F. BAIRD, CAPTAIN; CHARLES H. CORNWELL, FIRST LIEUTENANT; ARCHIBALD BAXTER, SECOND LIEUTENANT. Company F. of the Sixty-sixth Regiment was also raised in the vicinity of Little York, and officered as follows: ALFRED MORRIS, CAPTAIN; CHESTER P. DAVIS, FIRST LIEUTENANT; GEORGE R. DAVIS, SECOND LIEUTENANT. Company H. of the same regiment was also wholly from Fredericksburg and vicinity, and was officered as follows: JAMES D. McPHEETERS, CAPTAIN; WILLIAM N. BRINGLE, FIRST LIEUTENANT; DAVID SIMPSON, SECOND LIEUTENANT. Company K of this regiment contained about fifteen men from the county. In all there were in the Sixty-sixth from Washington County about four complete companies. The sketch of the Sixty-sixth Regiment will be found in Part III of this volume. DR. D.W. VOYLES served as Assistant Surgeon and Surgeon, DR. J.R. BARE the same, and DR. S. F. MARTIN as Assistant Surgeon, of the regiment. Roger Martin went out as Lieutenant-Colonel and in March 1864, was made Colonel. Capt. Banta's Company Early in August 1862, a company was raised in the county for the Fifth Calvary (Nineteenth Regiment) The men became Company E, and were officered as follows: JAMES P. BANTA, CAPTAIN; WILLIAM H. WARD, FIRST LIEUTENANT; WILLIAM M. COFFIN, SECOND LIEUTENANT. The company was mustered in August 18. In 1864 JOHN S. LOGAN was Regimental Quartermaster. The companies were at first variously distributed in Indiana Company E. in December 1862, being placed at Canelton. In February several moved to Glasgow, Ky. It scouted for some time and encountered the enemy April 18 and 19. It burned Celina Tenn., and skirmished and scouted, and early in July joined in the pursuit of Gen. Morgan. July 19 it headed Morgan's forces at Buffington Island, killing and capturing many. It then moved back to Kentucky, camping at Glasgow. Late in August it moved to Knoxville; thence on the Smoky Mountain expedition; did post duty at Greenville, encountering the enemy on picket; skirmished on the Bristol expedition; fought two hours near Zollicoffer, and briskly near Blountsville; fought 3,000 rebels October 11, near Henderson's Hill, and was forced back, fighting hotly hand to hand, losing and killing many, and finally cut its way out; renewed the fight near Rheatown; fought again desperately near Blountsville October 14; did post duty at Jonesboro and elsewhere and took part in many movements; fought the evening of November 30 and all December 1, near Maynardville; fought nearly all the next day while falling back; fought December 14 and 15 desperately hand to hand near Bean Station; skirmished often near Mossy Creek; fought at Dandridge January 17, charging on foot three-fourths of a mile, forcing back the enemy and in turn falling back, retreating during the night; January 26 scouted on foot to Pigeon Creek, thence moved to Cumberland Gap, and February 26 to Mount Sterling. Here it was remounted and refitted . It then in May rejoined Stoneman in Georgia. On the Atlanta campaign it was actively engaged almost every day. July 30 it fought near Macon; then destroyed railroads and stores. July 31 fought near Hillsboro, and was left on the field to check the enemy while the remainder of the Federal Forces escaped, and was thus captured, under the protest of Col Butler. Early in 1865 it located at and near Pulaski Tenn., where it skirmished with bushwhackers and did guard duty, and was finally mustered out June 16, 1865. The regiment fought in twenty-two battles and skirmishes, marched 2,400 miles, moved 1,000 miles by water, captured 640 prisoners, lost thirty-four killed in action, thirteen by wounds, 115 in rebel prisons, seventy-four in hospitals, seventy-two wounded in action, 497 captured by the enemy, six officers wounded, one killed, seventeen taken prisoners; total casualties 829. The Draft of October, 1862 On the 19th. of September the total county militia enrolled was 2,352, total volunteers 1,339, total exempt 493, total opposed to bearing arms 35, total volunteers in the service 1,272, total subject to draft 1,824. The enlistment of men continued until the last day, but the county could not wholly escape the draft of October 6, 1862. James T. Campbell was Draft Commissioner; James F. Cutshaw, Provost Marshal; E.S. Crozier, Surgeon. Twelve men were drafted in Pierce Township and four in Polk-in all sixteen men. This brought the county up to all her former quotas. After the draft the county settled down again to watching and waiting. Ultra Political News During the winter of 1862-63, the Democrat (Horace Heffren, editor), was extremely bitter and ultra on the questions growing out of the war. The issue of January 1, 1863, said: " This is the day Abraham Lincoln is to proclaim all the Negroes free in the rebellious States. Such an act is a violation of the Constitution, without warrant or form of law. Will the American people always submit to tyrants? Will they become base hirelings? Will they become slaves of a more than dictator? Will they long continue to tamely be insulted and mocked at? Will they not send forth a mighty shout against the act and deed? " In the next issue the course of the President in proclaiming the slaves free was denounced in the severest terms. The paper took the position at this time for a vigorous prosecution of the war for the quelling of the Rebellion and the maintenance of the Union, but bitterly denounced the Emancipation Proclamation as wholly unwarranted under the Constitution. It also took the position that the prosecution of the war as far as it related to freeing the slaves, should receive no countenance or support. At a mass meeting held at Salem, January 31, 1863, a series of resolutions based on these facts was adopted. One was as follows: Resolved: That we denounce and condemn the proclamation of the President in taking Negroes as soldiers or marines, and that the present bill before Congress which makes Negroes Brigadier or Major-Generals, and allows them to command white soldiers is a damnable act of abolitionism, a disgrace to humanity and the age in which we live, and if such act does become a law that we favor the instant recall of Indiana's 100,000 soldiers, that they may return to the pursuits in which they were heretofore engaged instead of being made the associates of negroes or commanded by them. During February and March several military officers with search warrants visited the county under the impression that guns and ammunition were being accumulated at certain points, but made no important discoveries. A citizen of the county was arrested at New Albany while purchasing some pistols, but released upon $1,000 bail. Several murders occurred doubtless caused by war questions. Other War Matters Early in June the following enrolled officers for the county were appointed: Gibson Township, Hezekiah Thomas; Monroe Township, Norval Peugh; Jefferson, R.L. Brown; Brown, R.A. Campbell; Vernon, S.S. Rubison; Washington, B.F. Huston and James F. Manley; Franklin, Henry Wright; Polk, Richard Newlin; Pierce, T.H.B. Baker; Howard, John Grubb; Madison, James A. McPheeters; Posey, Charles Mitten; Jackson, Robert Strain. The enrollment was conducted without excitement or much opposition. Col. Dunham delivered several speeches in the county about this time strongly favoring a continuance of the war. He did much good June 22, great excitement was caused at Salem by the report that 900 Rebel cavalry had crossed the Ohio River and were marching north to plunder Salem. Four hundred men armed in the best manner possible gathered on the public square, and 500 collected at Hardinsburg, and strong squads assembled in many other places to protect life and property. The reports were soon disproved. A little later Capt. Hinds, with a company of Rebels, visited the southwestern part of the county, stealing a few horses and creating much excitement, but otherwise doing little damage. Many of the citizens pursued them to the Ohio River, and assisted in their capture. The Raid of General Morgan On the 10th. of July 1863, Salem and Washington County were visited by the Rebel Gen. Morgan with a force of about 4,000 men. So rapid was their approach from the southwest, that they were on the hills south of town before their presence was made known. The few Home Guards skedaddled. Capt.. Jones, of Morgan's van guard, halted at the creek south of Salem, displayed a flag of truce, and waited fifteen minutes, when he was met by a delegation of citizens carrying a flag of truce. He demanded the surrender of the town, and asked if resistance was intended, and then finding the way clear, ordered his men to advance. He promised to respect private property except such as was absolutely needed. They immediately took complete possession of the town, placing guards over the stores and streets. Quite a number of Home Guards were captured, and several were compelled to take the oath of parole at the court house. The town was throughly plundered. They burned the depot, three box cars and contents, one passenger car, the railroad bridge on each side of Salem and the Blue River Bridge, cut the telegraph wires and levied a contribution of $1,000 on each of the two flouring mills owned by Smith & Knight and Mr. DePauw, and on the woolen factory of Allen, Berkey & Co. The enemy had three rifled 24-pound parrots, two 12-pound howitzers, two caissons, and fifteen rounds of ammunition. The following are the aproximate loses made at the time: J.C. Mitchell & Co. $2,000; Dawson Lyon, $1,750; J.J. Hungate, $1,500; R.L. Mitchell, $1,200; D.W. Peck & Co., $1,000; Berkey & Clark, $1,000; Berkey & Son, $1,000; S. Drone, $800; H. D. Henderson, $700; G. Siering, $600; W.H. Burgess, $500; Richard Clark, $400; E.T. Telle, $400; Delos Heffren, $300; W.H. Johnson & Co., $250; D.F. Duckwali, $250; John McKinney, $200; S.D. Sayles, $150; P. Kreamer, $135; E. Bawser, $190; and others to the amount of $305. Total Loss $14,540. This was the loss upon the stores mills etc. of the town. Besides this, in their progress through the county, they probably stole 500 good horses, leaving worthless ones in their places. They entered the town about 9 o'clock and remained until 3 P.M., and then left passing through Canton and New Philadelphia. Morgan occupied a room at the Persise House, now the Hungate House. John H. Wible of Livonia was killed by them, and Henry Hoar and Joshua Bottorff were wounded. Prof. May and others were shot at, but managed to escape injury. At Pekin one rebel was killed five wounded and nineteen captured. While on the march they spread out over the county, creating destruction as they went. Much more in detail might be said and many laughable anecdotes told, but this will suffice. The Company of Minute Men Early in July, under the call for volunteers to repel Gen. Morgan, thirteen regiments and one battalion were organized in the State. One full company was raised in Campbellsburg, the officers being: GEORGE R. CARR, CAPTAIN; SAMUEL HAYS, FIRST LIEUTENANT; HENRY A. SMITH, SECOND LIEUTENANT. These men became Company C of the One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment and were mustered in July 9, and mustered out July 17. The Regiment under Col. H. F. Braxton, moved to Mitchell, thence to Seymour, thence to Summan's Station, thence to Indianapolis, where it left the service. The Six Month's Company In July and August under the call for six months' men, the county furnished a company officered as follows: STEPHEN SAYLES, CAPTAIN; DAVID B. VANCE, FIRST LIEUTENANT; JOHN R. FREED, SECOND LIEUTENANT. Sayles was promoted to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and Vance became Captain in September. The men became Company G. of the One Hundred and Seventeenth Regiment, and were mustered in August 12. September 17 the regiment left Inidapolis for Kentucky; encamping at Nicholsville, but moved to Cumberland Gap October 3, and a few days later to Greenville Tenn. It moved to Bean Station, thence to Clinch Gap, where it met the enemy in large numbers, and by skillful movements retreated during the night to Bean Station. It then moved to Cumberland Gap, thence to Tazewell, thence to Knoxville, thence late in December to Strawberry Plains, thence in January, 1864 to Maynardsville, thence to Cumberland Gap, thence home. The regiment suffered severely during the winter, marching often without shoes and living on quarter rations. It reached Indianapolis February 6, and was soon discharged. Sundry Items of Interest Under the call of October 17, 1863, the county began to stir herself in November, her quota being 207. A County Recruiting Committee-Dr. H.D. Henderson, John H. Butler and Dennis McMahan- was appointed, and this Committee appointed the following associates: Gibson Township, Henry Thomas; Monroe, G.A.Smith; Jefferson, E.S. Shields; Brown, F.D. Badger; Vernon, T.D.Voyles; Washington, Emanuel Zink; Franklin, E.W. Cadwell; Polk, J.A. Bowman; Pierce, E.W. Shanks; Howard, W.A. Lowrey; Madison, H.J. Mobrey; Posey, Charles Milton; Jackson, Dr. W. Bright. P.J. Green called for recruits for the Sixty-sixth Regiment. November 19 a deserter was arrested in Vernon Township. Sergt. Walker called for recruits for the Thirteenth Regiment. In January 1864, a riot occurred at Plattsburg over the wearing and snatching off of butternut breastpins. During the winter many veterans came home and were warmly welcomed, but many others did not; they were lying buried in the South-martyrs of the slave holder's rebellion. About twenty recruits were sent to the Thirty-eighth Regiment in January, February and March, 1864. About the same number were sent to the Sixty-sixth. About ten joined the Fifth Calvary. Twenty five or thirty others joined various regiments. The spring of 1864 passed without event. In June, at a mass meeting in Salem, a fight occurred over the wearing of butternut breastpins, during which several persons were seriously injured. It was evident at this time that the disloyal element was arming and drilling. Secret societies and conferences could be seen meeting weekly. It was rumored that Salem was to be laid in ashes, and that several of her citizens were to be hung or shot. An uneasy feeling took possession of the county. Crime became common and escaped the law. Time passed, and at last the worst fears of the citizens were found to have been based upon substantial causes. A large element of the county had been organized to oppose the war and to resist the law. The prompt action of the authorities early in the fall of 1864 alone prevented serious consequences of disorder and lawlessness. Military Arrests Early in October 1864, Horace Heffren was arrested under the orders of Gen. Hovey, taken to Indianapolis and placed in the guard house of the Soldier's Home. A military commission consisting of Colonels W.E. McLean, J.T. Wilder, T.J. Lucas, C.D. Murray, Benjamin Spooner, R.P. DeHart, A.E. Stephens and Gen. Silas Colgrove, was appointed to try him and others arrested on a like charge. During a long trial, where many witnesses were examined, several were convicted of treason, but Heffren turned State's evidence, making a full confession of his connection with the Son's of Liberty. When it came his turn to be tried, he was acquitted and sent home. Dr. James B. Wilson was arrested on the same charge, as the trial progressed, but upon his confession he was likewise released. The One Hundred and Forty Fourth Regiment Under the last call of the war December 19, 1864, for 300,000 men, great efforts were made to escape the draft. The heavy draft of October, 1864, had met with disfavor, and it was determined if possible to avoid another. January 14, 1865, the County Board offered $325 to each volunteer under the call who should be credited to the county. The quota under the call was 244, but this had been much reduced by previous enlistments and by surplus credited to the county. The county recruiting officers were: J.A. Ghormley, B.F. Nicholson, T.J. Menaugh and J. A. Refield. Bonds were issued and money was raised by subscription. Quite heavy local bounty was also offered. It was seen that the rebellion was tottering, and a last effort and a strong one was made. G.W. Smith called for recruits. Twenty-two men were sent to Company A, of the Hundred and Forty-fourth Regiment, seven to Company B; all of Company C; Twenty-six to Company F, and about a dozen to other companies. The officers of Company C were: STEPHEN C. ATKISSON, CAPTAIN; GEORGE W. SMITH, FIRST LIEUTENANT; OLIVER STANLEY,SECOND LIEUTENANT. PHILLIP L. DAVIS was Lieutenant in Company B. The officers of Company F were: JONATHAN PETERS, CAPTAIN; DAVID ALSPAUGH, FIRST LIEUTENANT; P.D. NEAL, SECOND LIEUTENANT. The men were mustered in in January and February. March 9, the regiment left Indianapolis and reached Harpers Ferry, Va. the 13th. Thence it moved to Halltown; thence to Charlestown,Winchester, Stevenson Depot and Opequan Creek engaged in guard duty until August 5, when it was mustered out. It reached Indianapolis August 9. Summary of Men Furnished September 19, 1862, the county was credited with having furnished 1,339 volunteers. Under the June call, 1863, it furnished a company for six months-100 men. It furnished its quota 207 men under the October call, 1863. During the year 1864, it was credited with having furnished 896 men by enlistment and draft, and under the last call of the war December 19, 1865, it was credited with 253 men and a surplus of 9. Adding these numbers it is shown that the total credits of the county during the war were 2,804 men. This is a splendid showing. Bounty and Relief The county paid $100,000 bounty, and the townships $70,000; total bounty $170,000. The county furnished $22,000 relief, and the townships $9,500; total relief, $31,500. Total bounty and relief, $201,500. Ladies' and Soldiers' Aid Societies The first recorded aid furnished was in November, 1861, when two large boxes of socks, blankets, quilts, shirts, drawers, handkerchiefs, pants, gloves, mittens, wines, etc. to the value of over $100, were sent to the county boys in West Virginia. Besides this $56 in money was sent for their use. A week or two later two larger boxes packed with $150 worth of the same articles were sent to the boys in Missouri. There was also sent $33 in money. At this time also one large box was sent to the boys of the Thirty-eighth Regiment in Kentucky. At this time not less than $400 in money and supplies was thus utilized, to say nothing of the help given to soldiers' families at home. The good work continued all winter. In April, 1862, the ladies of Salem organized by electing Mrs. G. Knight, President; Mrs. Dawson Lyon, Secretary. Miss A. Wilson, Assistant Secretary; Mrs. John H. Butler and Mrs. Elizabeth Butler, Treasurers. At this time several large boxes of hospital supplies -lints, bandages, linens, wines, fruits canned, and delicacies-were sent to the wounded of Pittsburgh Landing, Shiloh, etc. The ladies of New Philadelphia sent off at this time a large box of the same supplies, as did doubtless many other portions of the county. In a short time the society was abandoned, but was revived in subsequent cold months. In January, 1865, there was raised for the soldiers' families of Salem $151.75, which was spent for meat, potatoes, flour, wood, etc. Much more might be said if records had been kept. Mingled Joy and Sorrow Early in April, 1865, came the news of the evacuation of Richmond, the fight of the Rebel Army, the surrender of Gen. Lee, and the surrender of Gen. Johnson, all creating in the county intense joy. People were overcome with the glorious news. Nothing was done but to meet and congratulate and hold public meetings to voice the universal and overpowering happiness. In the midst of all this came the dreadful news that President Lincoln had been assassinated. The revulsion in public feeling was sickening. Many a man and woman had learned to love the name Abraham Lincoln. He had led them through four long years of darkness and death, had been the cloud by day and pillar of fire by night through all the starless gloom of war, and now when the national heart was surging with boundless joy, and every knee was bent and every eye filled in grateful thanksgiving, to have the beloved Lincoln cut down, was indeed bitter and hard to bear. Scores wept as if they had lost their nearest friend. It was weeks before the people recovered from the stroke. Appropriate memorial services were held in the Christian Church on Wednesday, April 19, a large crowd being present. The building was tastefully draped, as was also the whole town. A large silk flag hung on the left of the pulpit, twined with crepe and evergreen sprigs; and over and around the pulpit were back-grounds of white draped with the sable trappings of death. Eulogies on the martyred President were delivered by Revs. H.R. Naylor and I. I. St. John.