Copywright USGenNet Inc., 2004, All Rights Reserved U.S. Data Repository Please read U.S. Data Repository Copyright Statement on this page: HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY 1884 CHAPTER VI. In the preparation of a historical sketch of Salem we shall be compelled to be brief, and it will be impossible to notice in chronological order, all the events pertaining thereto. We refer particularity to the early settlement of Salem, for when we contrast that time with the present we become lost in wonder at the progress of art and science. At that time steam was just offering its power and utility to man. There were no railroads. Communications by telegraph was not thought of. Our continent from the Mississippi to the Pacific was yet unsurveyed and we may say truthfully unexplored. New York City, then the largest in the United States, did not contain as many people as Chicago or Cincinnati has to-day. The cable which carries messages around the world in an hour was not dreamed of. The telephone had never entered the mind of man. Street and cable cars were unknown, and the electric light never thought of, the commerce of the world crossing the continent from New York to San Francisco in ten days never attained. The advance in machinery; the opening up of vast tracts of country; the rapid building of large cities; the leveling of the forests; the upturning of millions of acres of prairie; the digging for coal, copper, lead, iron, diamonds, gold and silver-all these things were unknown to those hardy pioneers, who more than seventy years ago settled on the soil where our beautiful little town is situated. For several years there was not even a newspaper to record the local happenings, and with the exception of those facts gathered from the musty records we are compelled to resort to the memory of the few early pioneers left upon the surface. And they are all remarkable men and women-bright, intelligent, and vivacious, many of them active business men, tried, trusted and faithful. The Town of Salem The history of Salem will naturally commence with the appointment, by the Territorial Legislature of three Commissioners "to select the site for the seat of justice of Washington County." From the best information we can obtain those Commissioners were: Gen. Clark, Col. Henry Dawalt and John Zink.* This is the manner in which Salem came to be so peacefully located on the present site. The Commissioners had agreed to locate the town up at the Lick Spring. They came down the creek to William Lindley's for dinner. Mr. Lindley lived on and owned the land now known as the Dennis Farm. While at dinner the subject was very naturally talked over, and Mrs. Lindley-just like a woman-concluded to upset their plans, and have the town nearer home. It was easy to persuade her husband to join her in this enterprise. There are conflicting stories as to the methods used. It is enough to know that they succeeded, and before the Commissioners left the Lindley house, Salem was a fixed fact. It has been asserted in a former sketch of Salem, published in the Centennial Democrat, that the consideration for locating the site here, was that Lindley's give the town all the land they owned north of the creek. This may be so, but we find a deed from the Lindley's to De Pauw, as agent, conveying said land for the sum of $50, about what the land was worth at that date. The town is now located, but it has no name. Mrs. Lindley again shows her Talleyrandic abilities. "Mount Vernon" and several other names were proposed, all of which met with objections. The Germans could not frame to pronounce it Vernon, but "Wernon." After a long, high-joint discussion, Mrs. Lindley suggested Salem. The Lindley's came from Salem, N.C., and it occurred to her that it would be an honor to her native town to have it so named. Mrs. L. carried her point again, and Salem was not only born, but named. Platting of the Town, Additons , Etc. Early in the year 1814 the Legislature appointed Gen. John DePauw agent for the town of Salem. The first court that was ever held in what is called Washington and Jackson Counties was held on what is now known as the Dennis farm, in a small brick house. That court ordered Gen. De Pauw to proceed to lay out said town, advertise and sell the town lots. The agent prosecuted his work vigorously, and with the implements to work with, astonishingly correct. The ground was measured with a grape vine. Among those who assisted with the work are mentioned Levi Wright and Thomas Pitts. On the 14th. day of April, 1814, the work was competed and plat filed. We have thought best to give all the additions made to the town in one place, for convenience of reference. The original plat contained 142 lots, with Main Street 80 feet wide, High Street 66 feet wide, Water Street 60 feet wide, Market 80 feet wide, Hackberry, Mulberry, Walnut, Poplar and Cherry Streets 60 feet each, and Small Street 33 feet. On the 19th. of November, 1814, De Pauw's second addition was made, consisting of forty-four additional lots, twenty four west of Brock Street, five of which are north of Market. By this new addition Mill Street was added sixty feet wide, and running parallel with Water Street. On the 14th. of November, 1815, John De Pauw, agent , made the third plat, consisting of twenty five additional lots; three new streets were added, viz. : Posey, Shelby west of Harrison, each sixty feet wide. The fourth addition was made by Zachariah Nixon November 16, 1816, and consisted of twenty five lots, all north of Hackberry and west of High Streets. The fifth addition was made by Micajah and Edward Newby August 20, 1819, consisting of ten additional lots on the east side of Salem: eight north of Walnut Street. The sixth addition was made September 11, 1837, by Charles Hays, known as Hays' Locust, forty feet wide -was added to the town. September 21, 1838, Hays second addition was made, consisting of forty lots. January 5, 1843, the eight addition to the town was made by Roger Martin, consisting of three lots. March 7, 1851, S. King's Addition of twenty one lots was made, by which King Street was added to the town. On the 4th. of December, 1883, the first addition of the Board of Commissioners was made consisting of seven lots, and on the next day the second addition of said Board was made consisting of twenty-five lots. Benjamin Brewer owned the land included in the original survey, from which it was bought by De Pauw, agent aforesaid. Salem is now located, named and surveyed, but as yet it is a mere town on paper, located in a dense forest. Trees four or five feet in diameter, covered with immense grape vines, were standing thickly on what is now our beautiful public square. The paw-paw bush, dogwood and May apples were thick. The only spot under cultivation was near the bridge across Brock Creek, and a small truck patch near where John Manley lives, and near this latter place stood the old brick house. The First Residences The first house to make its appearance in Salem was a funny one. It was built out of long poles set upon the ground; it was on Lot 83 and built by Simeon Lamb. This was very early in 1814. Houses now sprang up rapidly all over the town and people began to look about for something to do. The first brick house was put up by Judge Harrison on Lot 11, where Sinclair's business block now stands. Col. Jonathan Lyon built the next one on Lot 80. But it is simply impossible to go further with any degree of certainty, as the end of the year 1814 there were probably 400 inhabitants living in the maiden city of Salem. The citizens were about all Americans. They came from Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania and a few from the New England States. To give an idea how rapidly population increased in 1818, we quote from the Tocsin published June 23, 1818. "Within two weeks past there have been twelve families, making in all 118 souls, arrived from North Carolina to settle in Salem." and while on this subject of population it seems that in 1820 it was about 700; in 1838 about 1,500 and twenty five years later it had fallen short of that in 1838. The Early Merchants The first goods sold in Salem were by Lamb and Mendenhall. Their shelves were made of clap boards. Following closely after these were Gen. John DePauw, Col. Jonathan Lyon, Christopher Harrison, S.& Z. Leavensworth, Newcomb & Crane, Hess & Grayson, Booth, Jarvis & Newby, Coffin & Holland, James Wiley, Samuel White, M. Riley and Nathan Kimball. Mr. Kimball built what was then known as the Kimball block, on the west side of the square. He did a prosperous business and was one of the useful citizens of the town. He was the father of Nathan Kimball Jr., whose early life was devoted to the study and practice of medicine, and who is remembered by many of our younger citizens . Another business firm of early times was that of Malott & McPheeters. They were pushing energetic men; their store was on the south side of the square in the corner of a large brick structure, a description of which would be interesting as an architectural relic of those times, but space forbids. Malott & McPheeters were engaged in general merchandise, exchanging goods for country produce. As there were no railroads and no market but Louisville, they were naturally drawn into the flat boat enterprise and would float their cargoes down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans. These cargoes consisted of hams and shoulders -sometimes canvassed but generally not-side bacon, corn, whoop-poles and staves- sometimes whiskey, but at that time thr home demand for whiskey was equal to the foreign, and it was generally a stable article, and may we remark that it has never lost much of its stability; it has great staying qualities. Other early merchants were Isaac Chase, John Gordon, Joseph Green and Mark O'Neil. Mark was a great checker player and hard to beat. Sometimes he became so absorbed in the game as to neglect his customers. Manufacturing Enterprises The first to engage in this line of business was William Lindley. Early in the year 1814 he erected a horse-mill on Lot 37. It was soon enlarged and a horse-powered carding machine was added. Stephen Coffin erected a horse-powered carding and spinning mill on Lot 46. The Forsey Brothers erected a cotton factory in 1825. For many years it was propelled by the old fashioned tread-wheel. The same brothers built a "potash factory" on thr side of the hill across Brock creek, and just opposite and west of Doctor Paynter's residence. The building consisted of a long shed running north and south. From the entrance on the north to the exit south was a bench ,sloping inward, and on these benches stood large tubs into which ashes were thrown, from wagons. The potash enterprise was not a success. The first steam engine put up in Salem was in the oil-mill built by Woodridge Parker in 1832. It was located on West Market Street near the bridge across Brock Creek. It had a set of buhrs for corn. The first woolen mill was erected and operated by David G. Campbell. Only rolls were made, the women spinning and weaving, after which the factories would full and dress the cloth. These mills gave Salem a great notoriety over the state and further west. The Forsey Brothers, owners of the cotton-mill, spun cotton yarn, at that time the only mill of the kind in the State. William Smith was a professional weaver. He wove jeans, satinets, coverlids, etc. There was a horse-mill in rear of lot 106. Elias Davis carried on a wagon factory on North Main Street on lot 52. Tonis Nixion and Daniel Knight had a steam spinning-factory and wool-carding machine on North Main Street. In 1830 Beebe Booth built a cotton factory on East Market Street. It was run by steam. The machinery was afterward taken out and the building used as a Lutheran Church, Masonic Lodge, and subsequently as a district schoolhouse. Many of our present citizens will remember it, as it was there they first started to school. DePauw's Mill, now operated by W.S. Persfse, was built in 1834. About 1850 an apparatus for manufacturing shingles was attached, but did not continue a great while. The first steam girst-mill, however built in Salem, was erected by Tonis Nixion, Foster Nixion and John Nixion on Lot 136. It was built in 1833, and is now owned and operated by that veteran miller, Gayer Knight. David B. Platt came to Salem in December 1855, and formed a co-partnership with Abaslom Martin and John Gordon for the purpose of manufacturing wagons and carriages. They purchased Lots 29, 30, 121 and 122. The machine shops stood where Mobley's machine shop now stands. The wheel department was two and one half stories high, 60x30. The smith shop was the same and contained nine forges. The second story was used for a wood shop, for making gears and bodies. The paint and trim ships stood where Mobley's respository is now. This firm employed constantly about forty hands. They manufactured hubs, spokes and felloes. Shipped immense lots of finished wheels south. An approximate of the number of new jobs turned out annually may be placed at 1,000. The buildings, together with much of the stock, were totally consumed by fire. February 1, 1859. Loss about $30,000. Salem sustained a heavy blow in the destruction of this enterprise. C.W. Mobley is the owner of the Lots at this time, and besides a large foundery, is manufacturing wagons, carriages etc. John F. Keys carried on a chair manufactory at an early day, and John Cooper and William Walker were wheelwrights. Mr. Kittery manufactured wagons. In 1867 Lee W. Sinclair built the largest woolen-mill at that time in southern Indiana. It was built on Lot 135, three and one half stories high. He subsequently built a large and convenient house for the manufacture of clothing and a storehouse. It was the pride of the town for many years, and gave employment to about 100 persons. The main factory, together with all the machinery and a large amount of stock, was wholly destroyed by fire on the night of the 4th. and morning of the 5th. of December 1833; loss $80,000. This was another terrible drawback on the town, from the effects of which she has not yet fully recovered. Many of the employees were driven away, forced to seek employment, at other points. The clothing department is still in operation, we believe. Mechanics and Artisans The earlier carpenters were Samuel Peck, Henry Young, John G. Henderson, D.T. Weir, John Mills, William Phelps, Elias Albertson, Alexander Hickle and Frank Huston. The early shoemakers, Thomas White, Ed Vermilya, Samuel Wilkerson; but Wright Vermilya was the shoemaker and mender. His shop was the resort of all the boys, and his good humor was invincible. Of course the shoes were never ready at the time promised, but then as now, people were incredulous, and went again and again full of expectation. Vermilya employed a great many hands, the Tellers, St.Clair, Collins and Roger Martin among the number. The fastest hand he had was Martin, who was said to make a pair of boots in a day. He carried on his shop long after Vermilya's death, ran for Congress and was in the Civil War. A keener wit and brighter native intellect perhaps never lived in Salem than Roger Martin. The first or among the first to embark in the tavern business was Andrew McAllister, in 1815. In 1819, Lyon & Mallott, afterward, Parker& Hardy. At this time all tavern keepers in Salem paid a license of $15 per annum, and the Board of Commissioners regulated the prices that such keepers should charge. In 1815 there were rules: breakfast, dinner and supper, 25 cents each; whiskey 12 1/2 cents per one half pint; apple and peach brandy 18 3/4 cents per half pint; rum, French brandy and wine 37 1/2 cents per bottle or quart, 37 1/2 cents; lodging per night 12 1/2 cents; oats or corn 12 1/2 cents per one-half gallon' horse to hay per night, 25 cents. Other early tavern keepers were: Martin G. Clark, William Baird, Andrew Weir, Thomas Cooley, Andrew Naylor, John Mills and Joseph Green. The Baird tavern was on South Main Street. Near the close of the year 1820, Henry Clay stopped there and remained overnight. He was on his way to Vincennes, where his son Tom lived. The Whig boys got together formed a procession and started for the tavern -to give Harry a reception. The boom was irresistible and the Democratic boys fell in and kept step to the music. Halting, they formed a column in two lines of right angles close up to the sidewalk, in front and along the south side. Three rousing cheers were given for the distinguished visitor-in which the Democratic boys joined in as boisterous a manner as their brother Whigs- and immediately "Old Hal" came out, lifted his hat and said: "You are a set of very patriotic young gentlemen." The Grocers The early liquor dealers were numerous, and well patronized. In those days the places where liquor was sold were known as "groceries." Barlett Scott, the genial fun-loving old citizen was among the first to engage in this class of business. His qualifications for the office were never disputed, as he proved himself to be one of the most popular and successful bar- keepers of his day. He was full of jokes, and would miss a meal any day to play one. An instance: the sides of Scott's grocery fronting on the square were sheltered by sheds resting on natural round posts planted in the ground. A printers office was on the floor above the stair entrance, which was in the rear of the building as seen on the two fronts. One summer day the windows of the office looking out toward the street and over the shed roof being open a stranger rode up and inquired of Scott, standing at his grocery door, how people managed to get into the printing office. "Oh they just climb up the post here onto the roof and go into the window." replied Scott. The man hitched his horse, and with generous help from Scott, got onto the shed roof, through the window and into the office, and having transacted his business there, went out the way he got up, remarking to Scott when he reached the ground. " This is a pretty hard way you have, getting into the printing office." "A little hard at first" said Scott "but nothing when you get used to it." The boys above were of course mum, knowing Scott was at the bottom. He had a big heart. At one time Billy Rowland was his only competitor in the grocery trade; Rowland was a poor man and had a large family. On public occasions when the town would be crowded with people, Scott would shut up his shop, put the key in his pocket and loaf around town. If asked why he was closed up, he would reply: "All for the benefit of Billy Rowland." William W. Wade early embarked in the liquor business. He called it a "coffee house." It was the resort of all the fast young men of the town. Jonathan Urmy kept another in what is now McMahan's Block. Hi Malott still another. Other dealers were: Peter Yaw, Woodbridge Parker, William Rowland, Alexander Attkisson and Joseph Green. The hatter business was for many years quite a large one in Salem. The first to embark on it was John Curry, who was the Postmaster of the town for many years after. Then James Duncan, Henry Manzey, Col. Baird and John L. Menaugh, each one of whom was a character. A recital of the jokes and anecdotes that could be told of those men would fill a large book. Among the blacksmiths we mention: John Atton, Isaac Thomas, Joseph Hoggart, Davis Boswell and Leonard Shull-who, though more than eighty years old, still shoes horses at his shop on Water Street. In the line of cigars and tobacco, Mr. Murphy was probably the first to embark. He manufactured plug and pig-tail tobaccos and cigars and did an immense business. Others followed, and for many years John Rife did a thriving business. He was the last. The early Tailors were: John McMahan, Alexander Crooks, Nat. Albertson, Peter Snyder, Gustavus Clark, Robert S. Mills, Jonathan Urmy and John Arnold. The painters were: Risden Russell, Townsend Cutshaw. Brick-makers and layers: John E. Clark, Russell Allen, Norval F. Kennedy, Elijah Kennedy and John Drake. On the 12th. day of May 1824, the Board of Commissioners made the following order: " Ordered, that John McMahan make brick on the public square, provided, he leaves the ground in as good order as when he commenced." Early Public Buildings The public buildings in Salem in 1820 were strange looking structures. The old court house, called "the stilted castle of justice and equity," stood upon arches built of brick, rising above the ground to a height of a twelve or fifteen-foot story, leaving the whole space on the ground floor open, to be used for a market place. But in this its ancient architects did not calculate well, for the cows, pigs, geese, and every other stray animal took undisputed possession. Fleas, lice and other vermin and filth soon rendered it unfit for a market place, and until its removal the animals occupied the fort. The structure above and resting upon the arches was one story and finished off for the public offices. The approaches to this floor at the north and south entrances were composed of hewn logs rising from the ground to the main doors on the second floor, thus forming a stairway. This strange old building was torn down in 1827, and the erection of the present court house commenced. The brick in the hotel building now kept by Palmer Gray are the same old brick that were in "the old stilted castle of justice and equity." The present courthouse was commenced in 1827 and completed in 1829. Before its completion, and when the frame work of the copula was up, a Jackson meeting was held in town- January 8, 1829. Old Amos Coombs was a red-hot Jackson man. He climbed up one of the corner posts of the copula, stood upright upon the beam and shouted as only he could shout, "Harrah for Gen. Jackson in the highest degree of honor and promotion." He then descended as quietly as he ascended. The first rooster placed on the courthouse was made by John Mills, under the direction of Jeremiah Rowland. It was the original intention to put an immense arm in lieu of the rooster, which as an old resident remarks, "would have been a hideous object." The public square about this time caused our ancestor much trouble. It was "gullys and ravines," and "ravines and gullys." At the corner of Dawson Lyon's store a large ditch had formed, and in times of a big rain the water would wash a man away if he gave it a chance. To remedy these eye sores the citizens erected a market house east of the court house, graded off a plat and built a solid brick wall around the court house three feet high. This wall stood for many years. The first jail was built of hewn logs, one story high, and was torn down a few years ago, after having rendered valuable service as a jail, storehouse and stable. The old stray pen was north of the jail. Here all quarrels and difficulties were settled. It was enclosed with a high board fence, the boards set upright and close together, so that persons from the outside could not see the show in the pen. Cock-fights and dog-fights often amused the intelligent citizen in this old pen, while it was a general play-ground for the boys and girls and a courting spot for lovers. The second jail-which is now used as a residence-was built by Benjamin F. Huston, at a total cost of $3,456. It was commenced July 6, 1844, and completed December 2, 1845. Prominent Early Residents Rural as was Salem at the date we are now writing of the population was exceedingly intelligent. The lawyers, physicians, merchants and mechanics were generally well educated. Noah Wright, Levi Wright, Josiah Spurgeon and Christian Prow were from North Carolina and controlled the elections for years. Judge Parke, perhaps was by common consent the first citizen of the place, not that he made any claims of superiority, for he was entirely unassuming, and plain in his habits and manners. But he had been one of Gen. Harrison's aids at Tippecanoe, was a member of the convention that framed Indiana's first Constitution, and Parke County was named in honor of him. He first live in a house that stood where McMahan's corner now is, then he bought of Nathan Trueblood the house in which he lived and died, now owned by our enterprising business citizen H.H. Routh. As Judge Parke was the most distinguished citizen of those times so Jonathan was the richest. He was a man of decided character, a liberal thinker, and decidedly honorable and exact in all his business transactions. To children he was genial and kind, and they loved him. Such expressions as "Good morning, is the country all safe?" "Go ahead and you will yet be a man before your mother," pleased the young. They were gleams of sunshine in the hearts of the youth of Salem. Perhaps the most popular man was William H. Carter. he won the hearts of all who approached him. He was a Virginian by birth, and having met with business reverses removed to Salem. There was a charm in his manner that is rarely seen in any one else. Another noteworthy citizen was John H. Farnham. With the exception of Judge Parke's his was the largest library in Salem. He graduated at Harvard University in the same class with Edward Everett. He was not a popular man. In the first place he was a Yankee, and a Boston Yankee at that. He spent his winters at Indianapolis, and there turned an honest penny by writing the speeches of some of the bucolic members of the Legislature, and it is said on good authority that he wrote the welcome to Lafayette at Jeffersonville, which was delivered by his excellency, Gov. James Brown Ray. Farnham married a Miss Leonard, of Harrison County. Another one of the Leonard girls was married to Dr. Charles Hay, and John Hay their son who wrote "Little Breeches," was born in the house where George Telle lives. Farnham was one of the many who died with the cholera in 1833. Elijah Newland was a North Carolinian, and is still living, a resident of New Albany, Ind. Zeb Sturgus, of the Interior Department, tells the following. " The Newlands lived next door to my mother, and I was a good deal in their shop, which was often so full of tobacco smoke that it was not easy to recognize any one. On one occasion Dr. Elijah Newland had brought some persimmons, which he had spread on the grass in the back yard to get the benefit of the frost. Happening in there, and supposing they had been thrown away. I fell to, and had pretty nearly made way with them when Dr. Elijah discovered me and my depredations. Quoth the Doctor: ' You little rascal, what are you doing, eating up all my persimmons?' I managed to gasp out ( for I stood in mortal awe of him) that I thought he had thrown them away. Isaac Blackford was among the early settlers. He lived and died a bachelor. He was Judge of the Supreme Court for thirty-five years. he owned the lot where the Catholic Church now stands. Other early residents are: John G. Henderson, Samuel Peck, John I. Morrison, Burr Bradley, Beebe Booth, E.W. Malott, John E. Clark, Townsend Cutshaw, William Rodman, David G. Campbell, James G. May, John McMahan, John L. Menaugh, E.V. Hagan and John Curry, all of them well known for their earnest devotion to the moral and material interests of the town and county. The list could be angumented by many more sterling names. The Salem Library Association Early in 1818, the Salem Library Society was started with Jonathan Lyon as Treasurer, and J. Rowland, Secretary. The Board of Commissioners tendered the association a room in the court house, and there the library was placed. It contained many rare and valuable works, and was in operation many years. It was the first Library Association started in Salem, and so far as we are informed, the last. This winter too (1818), was a remarkable on account of its mild weather. There was but one snow and very little frost, and in the month of January vegetation began to put forth. The prices of produce about this time were as follows: Eggs, 3 cents per dozen, chickens, 75 cents per dozen, butter, 5 cents per pound, pork, $1.50 per hundred weight, beef, $1.00 to $1.50 per hundred weitht; wood, 50 to 75 cents pr cord. lumber 50 cents, boarding $1.00 per week. Incorporation The first steps taken toward incorporating the town were on the 18th. of January, 1831. The Legislature of 1826 had passed and act authorizing the qualified voters of the town to meet at the court house on the first Monday in March, 1826, and proceed to elect by ballot seven trusties, to be known as Board Trusties, whose office should expire on the first Monday in March, 1827. It gave them full power and authority to sue and be sued, to ordain, establish and put in execution such by-laws, ordinances and regulations as should be necessary to keep in repair and remove any obstruction in the streets, alleys and commons in the town; and generally to do any and all things required to be done for the good order and of the government and health of the town. The limits, of the corporation by this act embraced the original platt of the town, together with any additions that had been made or may hereafter be made. Why it was this act was neglected and its provisions not carried out until nearly five years after, we do not know. But it is quite certain that there is no record of any meeting on the subject, until January 18, 1831. At this date a meeting of the qualified voters of the town was held at thr court house, " to decide weather they will be incorporated or not." From the returns it appears that thirty one votes were cast in favor and none against the incorporation. An election was held on the 24th. of January, and Foster Nixon, Micajah Newby, John G. Henderson, William Baird, and Gustavus Clark were elected Trusties to serve until the first Monday in March, 1832. On the 7th. of March 1849, a lengthy petition was presented to the Board, praying for the incorporation of Salem. This petition sets forth that the territory proposed to be incorporated, includes the original survey, together with the plata in addition thereto, of Zachariah Nixon, Micajah Newby, Charles Hay and Roger Martin, with all other lands and lots on the east side of said town, and west of the railroad from Mulberry Street to the depot. The Commission ordered the election, which was held on the 24th. of March, 1849. It carried, and Salem again and for the second time became an incorporated town under this incorporation; the first Trustees were: George Attkisson, James J. Brice, James P. Banta, Elijah Newland and Harvey L. Ashton. On the 13th. of September 1853, just three years after the second, the third petition was presented to the Board, praying for relief etc. An election was held on the 30th. of the same month, and they voted for incorporation as usual, by a large majority. If trustee's were elected we fail to find any record of it. And this is all the history we are able to give of these three incorporations. The records in the town Clerk's office begin with the present incorporation, and he and his predecessors in office know nothing of former books. While on the subject of incorporation, we may as well dispose of the present one, although it seems like jumping a great many years. On the 1st. of June 1868, a petition was presented for incorporation. The territory embraced in the petition, and which is the present corporate lines of Salem, is described as follows: Commencing at the Northeast corner of the northwest quarter of section 17, Town 2 north, Range 4 east, and running thence south 54 1/2degrees, west 43 chains;thence south 6 4/2 degrees, east 88 chains, to a poplar tree; thence north 84 1/2 degrees, east 63 chains and 50 links; thence north 6 1/2 degrees, west 88 chains, thence south 84 1/2 degrees, west 20 chains and 56 links to the place of the beginning, containing 559 acres and 12 rods. The entire number of voters in the town at this date was 278, and the entire resident population residing within the boundaries of said territory , was 1,177. The election was held on the 15th. of June 1868, at which time there were cast ninty-seven votes, eighty-five for and nine against the incorporation, three votes having been rejected for informalities. The election for officers was held on the 13th. of July, 1868. The following persons were declared elected: First Ward, Edwin T. Telle Sr.; Second Ward, George R. Harris; Third Ward, William W. Weir; Fourth Ward, John Manly; Fifth Ward, Henry Streaker. These were the Trustees for the wards indicated. For Treasurer, A.J. Parker, for Assessor, R.L. Mitchell, for Clerk, E.W. Menaugh; for Marshal, Charles D. Chapman. The corporation under this organization has been a prosperous one, and accomplished a great deal of good for the health abd morality of the town, besides making many public improvements of which we shall speak hereafter. The Cholera We must now go back several years and talk a mournful subject of that terrible scourge, the cholera that swept down upon Salem in 1833 and again in 1851. There can be nothing new said upon this subject, as it has been written up time and time again in the columns of the Salem Democrat, but our history would be incomplete without it. About the 25th. of June, 1833, Mrs Goodwin died of the cholera and the next day Miss Fenning and Daniel Neal. He was a singularly eccentric man, and in his life-time pledged his body for anatomical purposes to Dr. Robert C. Newland. Then a child of Matthew Allen died; next Mrs. Gustavus Clark, then a child of Maria Jones. On Friday, June 28, Matthew Coffin died. These died suddenly; the excitement became intense, and the people commenced to flee the town, and it was almost depopulated; but few were left to look after the sick and dead. The merchants closed their stores and left, turning the keys over to those persons who intended to remain, and telling them to take such things as might be needed. On Saturday the 29th., there was only one death, that of Stephen Coffin. On Sunday, June 30, there were frequent heavy showers, and then it would clear off and the heat of the sun was intense. It was a gloomy time for the few left in town. On that day Joseph Green, Col. Harrison, Judge Barton W. Parke, Mrs. Morgan, Mrs. John Allen and Samuel Hobbs were suddenly stricken and died. By this time the few who were left to attend the sick and dead had worked themselves into a system. The coffins were made at David Weir's cabinet shop, usually of rough poplar boards, and placed on the outside, where the man who drove the dead cart could get them. After the bodies were placed in them they were taken to the cemetery and buried by the sexton. One of the noble few who remained and waited on the sick was Robert S. Mills, now of Mason Ill. He tells of a sad case-that of a young man who was the very picture of health and muscular vigor. His name was Perrine. Mills and Perrine were called to see a case of cholera on North Main Street, on the 1st. of July; he was dead. They remained with him until 12 o'clock, locked the door and went to their respective lodging-places. Next morning Mills received a message that Perrine had the cholera. He made all haste to get there and found him lying on the floor, he having been dead three quarters of an hour. Besides the one Mills and Perrine locked in his room on the first of July, George W. Drake, Jonathan Armfield and Mrs Nancy Laforce, yielded to the fell destroyer. July 2, young Perrine and a child of Mrs. Hartman. July 3, Wednesday the disease appeared more violently again; Mrs. Hagan, James Henderson and Matthew Allen died. There were no new cases, and the afternoon was clear and pleasant. People believed the crisis past. But the Wednesday night and Thursday July 4, presented a scene that baffles description. The grim monster death had with his scythe cut down eleven during the night of the 3rd. and the morning of the 4th of July, 1833. On that day and morning the dead were: Samuel King, Francis Hagan, Mrs. Green, Reuben Morgan, Willie Hite, Milton McCoy, Samuel Henderson, John Forsey, Mr. McCowan, Henry Hoke and William Bare. After this and during the epidemic the following persons died of the fell disease: Mrs. Jackson, Mrs.McCoy, Mrs. Cogswell, Mrs. Brazelton, J.H. Farnham, Francis Hagan's child, Isaac Hagan, a child of Mrs. Compton, Rev. James McCoy, Mrs. D.G. Campbell, Mrs. Kyte, J.L. Johnson's child, Miss Bates, Miss Hayworth, Mrs. Compton, Mrs. Carpenter, Miss Bryles, Ellen Badger, Elizibeth Nixon, a daughter of Samuel Henderson, making in all fifty-five who fell victims to the dreadful scourge. There were a few sporadic cases in 1849, when Henry Young died. Salem was again visited by the pestilence in August, 1851. It began about August 20,of that year, and the following persons died: The first was Alfred Markham, and then Mr.Reed (a german), John B. Hendricks, Mrs Thomas Godfrey, Miss Godfrey, Mrs. T. W. Weeks, Mrs Leah Ann Nukols, Mrs. H.B. Malott, Capt. Samuel Day, Mrs. Branson Lee, Mrs. Peter Nagle, Mrs. Simon Drom, Charles Sutter, Henry Uppinghouse, Eliza Harris, Austin Harris, Miss Polly A. Spurgeon, Thomas Lindley, James Wolf, Richard Lockwood, Stephen Baldwin, Celia Lee, Linzy White, Rebecca Demar; to which, outside of town; William Henry, Thomas D. Weir, Rev. William R. Williams, John Botts and a stranger, name unknown; making twenty nine. There were at one time six dead in 1851, but the day is not remembered. There have been no cases of the epidemic with one exception, since the citizens removed the old Rodman dam below town. Banking Enterprises In 1833 the State Bank of Indiana was chartered by the State. Salem was exceedingly anxious for a branch and many of her leading citizens worked very hard to secure it, but they failed and Bedford got it. It was then determined to organize a local bank. A charter was obtained for the "Salem Savings Institution," and the bank was organized. Henry Young was appointed manager. It proved to be a very unpopular concern. It was badly managed, and in 1840 Dr. Elijah Newland wound the thing up. In 1853 Washington C. DePauw established the Bank of Salem, under the free bank law. John L. Menaugh was the cashier. It was in operation several years, and was finally moved to the City of New Albany, where it continued to be called the Bank of Salem. The present Bank of Salem was organized September 17, 1879, with a capital stock of $55,000. Lee W. Sinclair is its President, and James F. Persise the Cashier. The New Albany and Salem Railroad In 1846 the project of a railroad from New Albany to Salem, and thence to Lake Michigan, was broached, and a charter obtained. The company, after an Herculean effort, was formed with James Brooks, President and George Lyman Secretary, with a full Board of Directors. A new era in the business and the prospects of old Salem was swiftly rolling round. But it took several years to complete this then stupendous enterprise. By June 1850, the company had progressed as far as Providence, and cars were then running to that point. Passengers from the south came that far by railroad, and from thence to this place a line of hacks ran daily for the accommodation of the traveling public. On the 15th. day of January 1851, the first train of cars arrived at Salem, which for a long time was the terminus of the road. The track was made in a primitive way. Stringers were put down, and now and then a cross-tie, upon which was spiked a strap or flat rail. But everybody thought it a marvel then, and it was. To Salem it was a grand day. Hundreds of people from the surrounding country came in to see the "iron horse," and when it did come, puffing and snorting into town, with its hoarse neigh reverberating from the surrounding hills, there went up a yell of delight and wonder that proved it to be the proudest day of Salem's existence. Later Business Men Among those doing business in Salem at this date may be named: John Gordon, hardware and groceries; John H. McMahan & Sons, dry goods and groceries; Campbell & Bryce, dry goods and groceries; Weir & Thomas, drugs and medicines; Hiram B. Malott, groceries; Dawson Lyon, dry goods and groceries; Elijah Gossett was the cabinet-maker and undertaker; Snyder & Allison and George J. Attkisson were the tailors; John Hanger, who is still "carrying on business at the old stand," was the wagon and carriage maker; James H. Neal, also still in business, saddle and harness maker; Samuel L. Brown, stoves and tinware; James P. Banta, wagon-maker and blacksmith; Willoughby Stuart, wheelwright and turner; Erastus K. Coffin, silversmith, watch and clock repairer; Daniel Knight, gunsmith; William Martin, boots and shoes; John A. Rife, cigar-maker; John Arnold, baker; and last but not least, the Chesterfield of Salem, Sampson Christie, the polished barber and hairdresser. The hotels at this date were kept by Samuel K. Huston and Robert H. Wilson. The Gold Excitement In 1850 quite a number of Salem people got the gold fever. Fabulous stories were told about finding gold on Salt Creek, and the North Fork of Bean blossom, in Brown County. It was reported that on Bear Creek nuggets had been found as large as grains of corn, and that with a machine they were washing out $15 or $16 per day. Of course such stories as these excited the naturally credulous portion of our population, and there was a stampede to the Brown County mines. One poetical miner, before leaving, published a "Brown County Gold Song" of seven verses, the first of which ran as follows: I'm now in Salem, it is true. With a wash-bowl on my knee; But I'm going to Brown County the gold dust to see; And let the sun be e'er so hot. The weather wet or dry, I'm bound to see that golden spot, Then ladies don't you cry. They all returned to Salem in a short while with the remark that "The Mines won't pay." Salem Captured in 1863 During the summer of 1863 many false alarms had been circulated to the effect that the Confederates intended to invade Indiana. Our citizens had heard these reports so often that they got used to them, and paid little attention to them. But the invasion came at last. On the 9th. of July 1863, Gen. John Morgan, at the head of about 4,000 men, crossed the Ohio River at Brandenburg, and began his march northward through Indiana. The "Home Guards" resisted his approach, but as they proved to be unorganized and undrilled, they made no headway against such a formidable enemy as that headed by the wily John Morgan. After passing Corydon, they headed for Salem, which they reached on the morning of July 11, 1863. They planted their batteries on Dennis Hill and prepared for action. the unorganized militia of this town and vicinity finally determined to surrender. the troops then took possession of the town. They made a prison of the court house, and Morgan and staff established headquarters at the Persise Hotel, southeast corner of the square. They burned the depot and cut off all telegraphic communication. A ransom of $1,000 each was levied upon W.C. DePauw's mill Gayer Knight's mill, and the woolen factory of Allen & Co. They entered the stores, carrying away what goods they needed, and a great many they had no use for. These they afterward gave away, or threw away. Occasionally they paid their bills in Confederate money. Often they compelled citizens to disgorge what greenbacks they had, and would demand watches and such trinkets with impunity. They swapped and took horses whenever it pleased them. They left town in the afternoon, taking thr Canton road. The School Building Among the many things of which Salem feels proud is her reputation for schools of learning. Years ago she stood second to no other town in Indiana in this respect. And while it is not the work of the author of this chapter to write about the schools- that duty having been assigned to others- he may be permitted to say that Salem still offers superior advantages to the youth of our land who desire an education. The Eikosi Academy, a private institution of learning for young ladies a d gentlemen, is complete and through in every respect, conforming to the requirements of the age of progress in which we live. Its Principal is that veteran teacher, Prof. William W. May. The town of Salem long ago said to the people, "Educate your children and I will pay the cost." on the 4th. day of April, 1871, an ordinance was passed by the Town Board, "providing for the issuance of bonds for the purpose of raising funds to build a schoolhouse, purchase a site therefor, furnish the same, and providing and means to liquidate the bonds issued." Under this ordinance the Board issued bonds amounting in the aggregate to $14,000, which drew 10 percent interest, and were made payable in ten years, with the privilege of payment after the lapse of one year. The building was finally completed and received by the Board in the month of December, 1871. Its entire cost, including lot, building and furniture, was $20,000. It contains nine rooms and employs nine teachers. The building was planed with the most consummate skill. The grounds are large and beautiful, and the school has a tolerably good library, which is being increased annually by our wise Trustees. The Big Fire of 1874 On the morning of August 1, 1874, as Uncle Billy Spurgeon was going to open his meat shop, he discovered fire in Peck's dry goods store, in Lyon's Block. He gave the alarm as quickly as possible, and soon the bells called the citizens out. The building was three stories high, and extended the entire length of what is now Lyon's Block. Everything that could be done was done by the citizens to prevent its entire loss. But the building, together with a large amount of the goods, including Masonic Hall and all the lodge furniture and records, were entirely burned up. The total loss was not less than $100,000. The building was set on fire for the purpose of covering up a robbery. Among the heavy losers by this fire were: Dawson Lyon, $32,000; H. D. Henderson, $7,000; R. L. Mitchell, $2,000; W. J. Hanger & Co., $2,000; Masonic fraternity, $2,000; Salem Democrat office, $3,000. As soon as Dawson Lyon secured the contents of his safe, a very large amount of which were deposits, he told those assisting him to save the chairs and table that were the property of his father, before they touched anything in the store. Such paternal reverence as this is noble and commendable. The block was rebuilt by Mr. Lyon shortly afterward, and though with one story less, presents as nice an appearance as the oringinal block. The Fire Department The first fire department ever organized in Salem was in the year 1836, just after the burning of Micajah Newby's factory. The town bought a little engine and a company agreed to run it. The first fire proved its utter worthlessness and it was set aside. Early in 1878 the Town Board decided to purchase a fire engine and appointed D.M. McMahan, B.T. Pace and George Hazlett to contract for one. Accordingly on the 16th. of April 1878, those gentlemen reported that they had bought of the Silsbey Manufacturing Company a Silsby steam fire engine of the most approved pattern, together with hose, hose-reel, pipes and all attachments and accompaniments necessary, at a cost of $4,500. Their action was approved by the Board and the engine was sent on immediately. On the 23rd. of April 1878, Salem Fire Company No. 1 tendered its services to the Town Board. Their constitution and by-laws were submitted and approved, and the company's services were accepted. The fire engine is a success and had more than paid for itself. Salem feels proud of her fire department. Grading High Street and the Square Early in 1882 the citizens living on High Street concluded to grade and level that street, lay sidewalks and make crossings at the different streets and alleys. On the 27th. of June the Town Board appointed A.J. Parker, James H. Redfield and Lee W. Sinclair, Street Commissioners for the purpose of improving High Street, authorizing them to grade, gravel and improve said street from the railroad south to the north end of said street, and to grade, gravel and improve such other streets that may cross High Street. These gentlemen did their duty to the satisfaction of everybody, and High Street is now the boulevard of Salem. The maple and evergreen have taken the place of the ugly locust. These old sentinels of a former age are fast disappearing, though a few of them still stand, untouched by the ax, defying time and the winds. The largest part of the costs for grading High Street was paid by private enterprise - citizens living on the stree. The town paid $396.45. The next public enterprise was inaugurated August 21, 1883, at which time the Town Board ordered that the public square be graded, macadamized and drained. The contract was awarded to John Owens at the sum of $4,649. The job was completed according to contact on the 1st. of December 1883. It is one of the most important improvements ever made by our town, and one that will last always. No longer do the cats bold high carnival by "moonlight alone" in the rank dog-fennel that grew upon the square. The industry of an intelligent people has put about fourteen inches of solid rock between that dog-fennel and the - cats. Benevolent Societies The first Masonic-lodge organized in Salem was in the year 1815. It was then called Melchisedee Lodge No. 7, and was under the jurisdiction of Kentucky. Her first charter from the Grand Lodge of Kentucky and also from the Grand Lodge of Indiana were stolen and the one she received to replace the latter, which was issued in 1835, was destroyed by the great fire of 1874, together with all the early records, papers and everything else belonging to the fraternity. Salem Lodge, No. 21, became the name of Melchisedee Lodge No. 7, after Indiana became a State and organized a Grand Lodge. Salem Lodge No. 21, is now in a prosperous condition. She has a membership of over 100, and holds two meetings per month. Salem Royal Arch Chapter no. 28, also lost all her records and furniture by the fire of 1874. The Chapter meets once each month; has about forty members, and is the best condition she has been in since the fire. Salem Lodge No. 67, I O O F, was organized June 4, 1849, and a charter granted July 11, 1849. Her present membership consist of sixty. This order has just completed a new and commodious hall, which is the best one in town. The value of the property is about #7,000. The order is in a healthy and prosperous condition. Knights of Pythias Lodge, No. 96, although a young order, has fifty-six members. It was organized August 9, 1881, and holds weekly meetings. Its lodge property is valued at $400. The County Jail The present county jail was built in 1881 on part of lots 15 and 16, at a cost of $15,000. It was built in the most substantial manner, with the latest improvements. The prison walls are composed of very heavy blocks of stone, neatly fitted in their places. The whole structure has an air of solidity about it, and reminds one that it is better to be a "good citizen" than to transgress and get into a place like this. Salem in 1884 The population of Salem at the present time is about 1,650. The rules of good Society are well established, and the moral character of our citizens is a least equal to that of any other town where an equal amount of business is done. Though we have moneyed capital, there is room for more. Though we have skilled mechanics and industrious laborers, there is room for others. Our manufacturing interests are not what they should be. Other neighboring towns are reaping the benefits of our laxity. But we have some first-class manufacturing houses. Our flouring- mills are first class. Knights Mill, the DePauw Mill, operated by W. S. Persise, and other Star Mills, by Henry R. Munkelt, are in constant operation. The last named mill was built in 1880, and has a capacity of fifty barrels per day. It is run by steam, with stones and roller combined; size 72x40. The other mills have been mentioned before. We have one lumber yard, doing a business amounting to many thousands of dollars annually. Lumber is shipped to all points in this State and East and South. It is owned and managed by Col. S.D. Sayles. We have five dry-goods stores, all of them doing a good business. They are: The Berkley Bros., Berkey & Motsinger, J.S. McCullough, A. J. McIntosh and Leo W. Sinclair. The following persons are engaged in the grocery trade: Hauger & McMurran, John B. Clark, J. F. Ratts, Jamison & Warriner, W.B. Harris, R.W. Allen, Collin McKinney, James B. Guffey, J.M. Taylor & Bro., John L. Williams, William Shamo, William H. Thompson and James Godfrey. In the boot and shoe trade are Samuel Nixon, William Shamo and Henry Streaker. Dealers in stoves and tinware are: Samuel B. Hobbs and Samuel and Harry Smith. Hardware merchants-C. W. Mobley and G. & H. Paynter and Morris and Reid. Watches, Clocks and Jewelry-B.T. Pace and John W. Cooper. Saddlery hardware- James H. Neal & Son and Shields. Drugs and medicines- Charles Mclintock, Harvey D. Henderson and Benjamin W. Tucker. Clothing-Moch & May, C.C. Hauger & Co. and Lee W. Sinclair. Bakery- Johanna Kramer. School supplies-Charles McClintock and James Kemp. Our barber is Henry Schlagel. Milliners- Miss Eliza Mobley and Mrs E.B. Walker. Furniture Dealers and manufacturers- Routh & Attkisson and Henry Klerner & Co. . Meat Markets- John T. Shanks, James Godfrey, William Spurgeon and Solon Tilford. Hotels-The Gray House, Parmer Gray proprietor; the Telle House, Mary Telle, proprietress; the Hungate House, Thomas Williams, proprietor. Livery Stables- J.J. Hungate, Chapman & McKinney and Frank Ratts. Saloons-M.K. Chapman and John D. McKinney, Frank Ratts and Frank O'Donnell. Billard hall- Eli Strain. Ten-pin alley- Albert Medlock. The Town Trustees at this date are as follows: First Ward, Mansford D. Coffman; Second Ward, Jacob D. Zink; Third Ward, H.H. Routh; Fourth Ward, Elisha D. Williams; Fifth Ward, William F. McMurran; Robert W. Allen Tresurer; Harvey Morris, Clerk. The Press of Salem As early as March 17, 1818, a weekly newspaper called The Tocsin was founded in Salem. It was a small four-columned folio, subscription price, $2, $2.50 and $3 per annum, as weather paid for in advance or not, edited and published by Ebenezer Patrick and Beebe Booth. At the end of the first volume Patrick assumed the paper alone, but Matthew Patrick, a little later became associated with him. The issue was continued until about May, 1821, and was then abandoned . May 3, 1822, Ebenezer and Eleazer Wheelock started the Indiana Farmer. Much attention was given to farm news. Many changes were made in the management. Patrick was at one time associated with Wheelock. Each conducted it alone for a time. In April, 1826, Patrick rented it for a year assumed the old name Tocsin, and soon came out for the Adams party. About the first of January, 1827, Henry S. Handy issued the first number of the Annotator, a larger paper than then others and an advocate of Andrew Jackson for President. John Allen became associated with Handy on the second volume, and soon afterward assumed entire ownership. In 1829 the name of the paper was changed to the Western Annotator, and at this time William Tennehill became connected with the sheet. Tannehill about this time conducted a paper called the Salem Literary Register, brought into being by the strong demand of the excellent literary societies and the educational interests of the town. This was discontinued before Tennehill's connection with the Annotator. In August 1830, Ebenezer Patrick began issuing the Indiana Times, which was destroyed by the great Salem fire of December 21, 1830. Soon after this Patrick founded the Indiana Phoenix, a five-column folio. Salem then had two newspapers. In the Presidential campaign of 1832, the Phoenix espoused the cause of Henry Clay, while the Annotator continued its support of Andrew Jackson. In December 1832, James F. May became one of the editors of the Annotator. The Phoenix was discontinued in June, 1833. Allen was connected with the Annotator at this time, but in July died of cholera, leaving Mr. May sole manager. In 1834 W.H. May was associated with him. In the later part of 1834, May then editor, accepted a situation as Superintendent of the Decauter County Seminary, when the Annotator was abandoned. Early in 1835, Dr. Charles Hay and Royal B. Child bought the office of the Annotator and commenced publishing the Indiana Monitor, a Whig paper, continuing three volumes, when Child sold his interest to Z. W. Rowse, and the Salem Whig was founded. Hay left in December, 1840, and in March 1841, the Whig ceased with the death of Rowse. In 1838, James Markwell and James M. Lucas founded the Washington Republican. John L. Menaugh became connected with it in 1839, also J.L. Walters, printer. Soon after this James Markwell was connected with it. A new series of the Republican was started in March, 1840, by Calvin Fray and James M. Lucas. In 1841 Thomas P. Williams became owner, publisher and manager of the Republican with C.L. Dunham, editor. In 1843 Thomas P. Baldwin became editor. In April, 1845, Williams publisher, and R.B.J. Twyman editor changed the title to People's Advocate. About a year later Twyman left and Williams continued the paper until his death. In October 1845, Calvin Fray issued the first number of the third series of the Washington Republican. He sold out to John L. Morrison in November, 1847. In April, 1841, William H. May bought the Whig office and issued the Western Commentator, with James G. May editor. This paper was Whig. In September the office was moved to Madison. In 1845 Marcus L. Deal and Miles M. Birdsong founded the Salem Weekly News, which paper continued over seven volumes and a half. Mr. Deal was alone toward the last. The paper was Whig. In 1850 John I. Morrison and J.F. Baird founded the Salem Locomotive, a small folio flying Crockett's motto. The sheet did not live long. In June 1855, Howard Coe and Lionel E. Rumrill started the American True Flag, a Republican paper. Rumrill left in January, 1856. The American Citizen was issued in 1856-57 by Thomas Collins. A.C. Trueblood and B.F. Hicks founded the Salem Times in February, 1858. In November 1859 Hicks retired, and Erastus P. Huston took his place. Trueblood left for the war in May, 1861, and John I. Morrison succeeded him as editor.In June 1861 , the Times was succeeded by the Union Advocate. These two papers were Republican. Early in 1862 Huston left and D.A. Barton became publisher. Morrison left in June, 1864. James G. May had for six months been editorial writer. George V. Smith then became publisher and James G. May, editor. About the first of March 1865 the office passed to T.H. & J.P. Cozine, the former being editor, and the later publisher. The paper was suspended in June, 1865. In March 1869, J.S. Butler and O.T. Kendall started the Salem Mercury, which became defunct in six months. In 1872-73 D. M. Alspaugh and C.A. Allen conducted the Salem Republican. J. H. Taggart issued eighteen numbers of the Free Press in 1874. For eighteen months in 1879 and 1880, Rev. W.M. Jordan and B.F. Hungerford conducted a monthly periodical called the Mirror in the interest of the Baptist Church. In 1862 (spring) the Advocate issued a small daily for about one month. The Washington Democrat November 27, 1847, Morrison & Taylor issued the first number of the Washington Democrat. This paper is yet issued (1884). In about two years the paper passed to Williams & Owens. T. N. Jordan became editor about January 1, 1850, but left after forty issues. Williams then worked alone. Horace Heffren became joint editor with Williams in February, 1852, but after the Presidential campaign Heffren withdrew. Z.S. Garriott became joint editor in March 1854, but left in forty-three numbers, though in August 1855, he became sole editor, Mr. Williams being publisher. In 1857 Z.S. Garriott became proprietor as well as editor, but in August 1859, was succeeded by Levi D. Maxwell, and he in April 1860, by Horace Heffren. Thomas Telle became publisher. During the summer of 1861 both entered the Army, and in August G.Y. Johnson too the office and continued the issue under the name Democratic Banner of Liberty. In September, 1862 Heffren and O.T. Kendall came in as editor and publisher, and soon afterward the old title, Washington Democrat, was resumed. George Fultz and William P. Green became proprietors in September 1863. Green became Chief editor in October, and about a year later was succeeded by Fultz. Armstrong & Kendall were associated with the paper. Late in 1872 the office was sold to Stevens & Cravens; the latter sold to the former in November 1874. In February, 1883 Dr. R.J. Wilson bought the office and is the present owner and proprietor, with a large circulation and other valuable patronage. Early in 1876 a power press was purchased, the first and only one ever in Salem. This yet finds constant use. For thirty-seven years The Democrat has been the leading paper of the county and the stauch organ of the local Democracy. Lyman S. Fulmer founded the Independent in November 1874, continuing the publication until April 1875, and then sold to S.B. Voyles, F.L. Prow and J.M. Caress, who conducted the sheet until December, 1875, when it passed to John L. Menaugh. The Salem Press On the first of July 1878, the first number of this paper made its appearance under the editorship and proprietorship of Charles A. Allen. It was a four columned folio, Republican in politics, 60 cents per annum subscription price. January 1, 1881, it was enlarged to a five column folio price raised to $1. It was purchased by the present owner and editor, Heber H. Allen, May 19, 1883, who enlarged it to a seven column folio. The paper is well managed and ably edited, enjoys a wide circulation and liberal advertising amd job patronage, and is the organ of the county Republican. Campbellsburg. Buena Vista and Campbelsburg, practically one town and the second in size and consequence in the county, was firs settled by John Pollard. It was surveyed and platted, August 31, 1849, by John L. Morrison, named Buena Vista after the Mexican battle of that name, and originally comprised five lots situated on a part of the southwest quarter of Section 35, Township 3, Range 2 east. April 14, 1865, James H. McKinney added twenty-one lots on the northwest, and although the place still retains its original name it is more generally known as Campbellsburg, which is the name of the station and postoffice. Campbellsburg is located on the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 35, immediately adjoining Buena Vista on the southeast. It was named in honor of Robert Campbell, who surveyed and platted nine lots December 1, 185. Four additions have been made since then; the first August 4, 1859, by Christian Prow, Robert Denney and W.J. Hitchcock, comprising fifteen lots; the second by John Smith, J.T.C. Wilkins, J.C. Voyles and Peter Cauble, comprising nine lots; the third of twelve lots by Corkins Brown and George W. Prow, January 16, 1860, and the last by Corkins Brown, August 13, 1867, with eight lots. At present Campbellsburg (including Buena Vista) has a total of seventy-nine lots and according to the census reports of 1880, 386 people. The first vote to incorporate the town was held September 23, 1875, resulting in fifty-one votes for and sixteen against the measure, the first election, held January 4, 1876 resulted in the election of Christian Prow, Jacob Grimes and Samuel F. Martin Trustees; Rufus Mather,Clerk; James W. Hubbard, Treasurer; Joseph L. Holmes, Assessor. The erection of a large grist-mill 45x36 feet with a thirty horse-power engine and having a capacity of ten bushels per hour was a noticeable feature in the growth of the town in 1859. It was built by J.T.C. Wilkins, the present owner, Peter C. Cauble, John Smith and John Voyles, and is considered one of the best mills in the county. The first store was a little log-cabin about 12x14 feet, where a little of almost everything was kept for sale or trade and among the first merchants were Thomas Stacy, Corkins Brown, Robert Denny, Stevens Collier, Hopper Casper, Christian Prow, Stacy & McCoy, all carrying a stock of general merchandise. The different branches of business presented in Campbellsburg at present are summed up as follows: Christian Prow, J.T.C. Wilkins, Diefendorf Brothers, general merchants; Ira G. Hall, Druggist; Jefferson King, miller; R.W. Martin, G.S. Hannock, physicians; S. D. Hendricks, lawyer; J.S. Shanks, silversmith; O.L. Richards, dealer and manufacturer of harness; James Hubbard, Henry Christian, Wesley Holliday, blacksmiths; Lemuel Stansbury, Charles D. Robinson, shoemakers; Samuel Wyman, wagonmaker; Thomas F. Shanks, tailor; S.B. Hiles, has a marble shop; John S. Denny, a livery stable; Mrs. E.C. Lee, hotel, and E.G. Thompson, hotel and livery. Mesdames Hill, Gordon and Wadsworth supply the female portion of the community with hats and dresses. The Masonic and Odd Fellows' fraternities have organizations, the former beginning under dispensation May 29, 1861, with George W. Bartlett, Christian Prow, J.C. Voyles, Israel Wesner, O.T. Badger, B.A. Wesner, Elijah Driskell, J.N. Springer, Enoch B. Driskell, H. C. Malott, E.D. Baker, William Gallahen, W.B. Teague and Henry Roberts as charter members. The Grand lodge appointed George W. Bartlett, W.M., Christian Prow, S.W. and John C. Voyles, J.W., and upon organization Israel Wesner was elected Treasurer; F.A. Badger, Secretary; W. B. Teague S.D.; J.T.C. Wilkins, J.D.; H.C. Malott and E.B. Driskell, Stewarts, and William Collier, Tiler. The lodge was named Rob Morris Lodge No. 282, in honor of Rob Morris of Versailles, Ky. and is now composed of twenty-eight members with Christian Prow, W.M.; G.S. Hancock, S.W.; J.S. Rutherford, S.D.; John Huffman, J.W.; Henry Chastian, J.D.; N.P. Mather, Treasurer; L.C. Mather, Secretary; Silas Pollard, Tiler, and William J. Prow and Albert Mather, Stewards. They meet the second and fourth Tuesday nights of each month in their hall, situated on the second floor of the building owned by Mr. Prow and are in a prosperous condition. Azur Lodge No. 250, I.O.O.F. was organized January 25, 1866, with the following charter members and officers: T.F. Shanks, N.G.; J.S. Shanks, V.G.; W.H. Shanks, Secretary; Z. Pollard, Treasurer; William Davis and George Bigsley. The present membership is thirty- seven, officered by O.T. Richards, N.G.; W.P. Holliday, V.G.; Joshua Davis, Secretary and Christian Prow, Treasurer. They meet the Saturday evening of each week in a hall of their own and are doing much good. The following is a list Postmaster beginning with the first: Robert Denny, James Stephens, Corkins Brown, C.Prow, A. Overman, William Pollard, J. T. C. Wilkins, George W. Bartlett, Joseph Lee, John Huffman, Joshua Davis, Samuel Martin, R.C. Martin and C. G. Robinson. The Campbellsburg News, a five column newspaper was started in March, 1878, with R.P. Mather, publisher and proprietor. After a three months' duration the paper was sold to W. J. Prow, of Salem and Campbellsburg has never had any other publication. Canton Canton once a promising and progressive village of the county, but now containing only 187 inhabitants and no manufacturing interests scarcely, was first started as a town by Eli Overman, who, October 31, 1838, laid off thirty-five lots in the shape of an "L" in the middle, and on the line running between Sections 11 and 12, Town 2, Range 4 east. Mr. Overman made the first addition of 106 lots, and Charles Albertson, on March 28, 1850, still further increased the size of the place by adding ten lots, each lot containing 23.100 acres. Previous to the laying off of the town it was frequently called Greensburg, after many of the names of Greene, living in the immediate vicinity, and it was also familiarly known as Egg Harbor by reason of the great amount of eggs sold there. The firm of Trueblood & Harned, probable the first merchants, were succeeded by the senior partner, and succeeding merchants were Dr. Benjamin Albertson, who was the first physician, Charles Pool, Parr & Tatlock, John Wilson, Samuel Slade, Reuben Wilson who built the first and only brick house of the place, and Charles Overton. Dr. Edmund Albertson son of Dr. Benjamin Albertson, was the second physician. A saddlery shop was established by Benjamin White and James Trueblood, and carried on quite extensively for a time. Richard Walpole built a tannery near Canton, on the east side of the West Fork of Blue River, or a branch of that stream. In 1863 Nixon Morris built one directly across the stream from the old one, and is yet standing. Several different owners have had possession of the latter, but at the present writing it is not in operation. In about the year 1820 a large log two-story house was erected and converted into a horse-mill. It was built by Greene & Overman, the grinding being carried on with native buhrs in the upper story, while the horse and old-fashioned sweep occupied the lower room. In 1846 A.A. McCloskey began wagon-making, and has ever since been here. He was preceded by Willis Carr and Riley Coombs, who were the first. In about 1846 Robert Greene and Joseph K. Faulkner established quite an extensive business in this line, building a large shop and turning out a good many wagons, carriages, buggies, plows, etc. Their business was ruined by a destructive fire, supposed to have been the work of the incendiary. John Mills was the first cabinet-maker, and he was succeeded by Berry Christy, a colored man. Canton Lodge, F. & A.M., was organized under dispensation the fall of 1873, with W. R. McKnight, T.B. Hobbs, Cary Morris, Peter Morris, Willis Tatlock, D.C. Alvis, James Faulkner, George W. Morris and Warren Wilson as charter members, the first three named being appointed W.M>,S.W. and J.W. respectively. Only one member was lost by death, and this was John Dawalt, who was interred with all the solemnities of the Masonic burial service. At one time the lodge had thirty-five members in good standing, but the fire of 1875 destroying their property and in 1884 the charter was surrendered to the Grand Lodge. Canton at the present time has two general stores, owned by W.T. Albertson & Brother and E.W. Caldwell. James Faulkner is the village blacksmith, A.A. McCoskey, wagon-maker, S.H. Harrod, physician, and G.M. Morris, dentist. The first Postmaster was John S. Harned, and the present one is John H. Trueblood. Martinsburg Martinsburg, the only town in Jackson Township, was founded by Dr. Abner Martin September 18, 1818, and comprised originally eighty lots on Section 12. In an issue of the Tocsin published at Salem August 18, 1818, there was an advertisement for the sale of lots in Martinsburg to be held October 15, 1818, and in winding up the advertisement there was this doggerel: " Good people keep an open eye, Consider land will never die: And if you buy a lot for you, I don't exdpect you'll ever rue." Jacob Bixler added thirty-two lots September 22, 1837, which has been the only addition ever made. The first store, probably, was that of Emanuel Block opened late in 1818, which was in a log cabin standing on the corner where Dallas Roberts now lives. Lewis Garret next opened a store on the site now occupied by Ezra Martin, while on an opposite corner Mr. Nuby had a store. John George Alexander Hanz, familiarly known as "Alecken Hontz," opened up a general stock of goods in about 1825. Mr. Hanz was a German, and many droll stories are related of him. His wife once sent by him to New Albany for some cloves, but imagine the good woman's consternation when he returned with clothes- a slight misunderstanding was all. He was a very devout church member, and often used to preach. Notwithstanding this he would occasionally forget himself at times, and once when out of humor with his better half, he used the expression: "my wife bees a hell of a set." Jacob Bixler was another pioneer merchant, his store building standing where Ira Durnill now lives. Washington Stinet, also began in about 1837. Mr. Mills began in business just above where W.A. Denny now does business. Thomas Davis, Martin Foster, Lane & Martin, Brewer & Cravens, Peter J. Martin, Silas D. Wyman, W.H.H. Phillips, Walter Davis, Lewis Wyman, Joseph Loughmiller, and Martin & Huff are other merchants of the place. Dr. Abner Martin was the first physician, and a good one. Either Jacob Bixler or Gerry Wyman built a linseed oil-mill in about 1835, which he operated by horse-power, manufacturing about one barrel per week. A tan-yard was started about the same time by Michael Lemon, or a Mr. Snodgrass. T.A. Morgan opened a saddle and harness-shop in 1825 succeeded by Archibald Martin and James Neal. At one time Martinsburg was a fair way to become quite a thriving and populous place, but for various reasons it has always been a small village. Dr. W.H. Bright, an old and honored citizen and excellent physician, is yet practicing his profession there. W.A. Denny is Postmaster; E. H. Martin, merchant; T.J. Shepard, blacksmith; John Carnes, miller; W.A. Ferguson, wagon-maker and J. R. Martin & Sons, carpenters. Mail is received tri- weekly-Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday-from Pekin. One of the principle industries of the place is the manufacture of flour, carried out by John Carnes. It was erected as a grist-mill in about 1840 by Wright & Walker, but in 1868, or thereabout, a saw-mill was added. Its present capacity is corn, 100 bushels per day: wheat, 68 bushels, and lumber 4,000 feet. It has two run of buhrs, and is operated by steam-power. Livonia This town was laid off by David and James McKinney, on February 25, 1819, originally comprising sixty-three lots. Thirty more lots were added August 31, 1835, by James McPheeters, John McKinney, L.H. Smith, A.R. Orchard, J.C. Wible and J.C. McPheeters. Previous to the laying-off of the town there were already built three or four log dwelling-houses, and a store erected by James McKinney in 1815. This store stood fronting south opposite where Dr. Farree now lives, and the, stock of goods was small, and of a very general character. Probably the first house erected after the laying out of Livonia was a log tavern by John Scott, who opened a store in 1820. McPharian & Young began merchandising in a building where Dr. Purkhiser now lives, in 1821 or 1822 and in about 1826 opened a store, and for years carried on an extensive business. He afterward erected the building which William Greenslade now occupies, and admitted his son James as a partner. In about 1829 John B. Shryer bought out McPharen & Young, and occupied the building which is still standing attached to Mrs. McCollough's residence. Among subsequent merchants can be mentioned John Wright, Andrew Orchard, George McPheeters, Frazier & McPheeters, Asa McKinney, Andrew McPheeters, Leonard H. Smith, McCoy & Bros., J.T.C. Wilkins, W.B. Knox, James McCoy, C.H. & A.C. McPheeters, Leander Hopper, Jeremiah McCollough, and others. The first mill was a tread-mill, built by Daniel Sherwood, in about 1836, but was only continued a short time. In 1840 Sherwood Bros. built a steam saw and grist-mill, where the present one now stands. It changed hands several times before it finally burned in about 1853. John and Isaac Martin soon after built a saw-mill on the same sight, afterward selling out to McCoy & Warren, who added a grist-mill. Samuel and Claud Banks built the large mill now standing. About 1836 James and John McPheeters erected a cotton-mill which was run only a few years, and eventually did not prove very remunerative. A woolen-mill, standing where McCullough Bros. store is, was erected quite early, but did not continue very long or amount to very much. James McPheeters opened a tan-yard about the time Livonia was laid off, and about 1815 Stephen Atkisson started a battery which afterward passed into the hands of William Collier. Livonia Lodge F.&A.M., No. 206, was chartered by the Grand Lodge of Indiana, May 26, 1857, with Jeremiah McCollough as W.M., James A. McPheeters as S.W., and Asa McKinney, as J.W. The lodge is still in existence and good standing, although on account of the small number of members resident in Livonia, the meetings have not been as regular lately as before. The following are the present officers: John S. McPheeters, W.M.; Aaron E.H. Hardin, S.W.; I. R. Martin, J.W.; F.M. Wible, S.D.; Allen McCoy, J.D.; W.M. Greenslade, Secretary; James S. McCollough, Treasurer, and W.F. McCoy, Tiler. Livonia Lodge No. 586, I.O.O.F., was organized August 4, 1881, with the following charter officers and members: Dr. Isaac Ferree, N.G.; James B. Brown, V.G.; Edward T. Van Cleave, Treasurer; B.F. Hardin, R.C., and James E. Wright. From the first this fraternity has flourished and prospered, now having twenty active members, officered by George A. Bringle, N.G.; Thomas N. Kelly, V.G.; Milton B. Bringle, Treasurer and D.M. Wimble, R.C. Livonia is situated in the northern part of Madison Township, on Section 34, and her business interests are represented as follows: McCollough Brothers(B. H. and J.W.), succeeded their father, Jeremiah McCollough in January 1881, and are the leading merchants of the place, carrying a general stock of merchandise, valued at about $4,500, and transacting an average annual trade amounting to about $10,000; W.M. Greenslade, general merchant; W.J. McCoy, druggist; A.J. Brock, general merchant; John W. Jones, harness dealer and manufacturer; Henry Banks, grist-mill, and Messrs. Voyles, Purkhiser & Ferree physicians. Hardinsburg In January, 1838, a plat of thirty-six lots was laid off on Section 3, in what is now Posey Township, by Aaron Hardin, who named the place Hardinsburg. An addition by John Ellis, in 1851, of twenty-two lots, gives the town a total of fifty-eight lots, and according to the census of 1880, a population of 133 souls. At an election held March 24, 1849, it was decided to incorporate the town, and the first officers were: A.H. Cheaver, President: James Alexander, Clerk and J.C. Boyden, Treasurer. It was incorporated under the State Statute of 1833, and the petition for incorporation had fourteen signers. The present officers are: Trustees, S.B. Cook, W.E. McIntosh, G.B. Suddarth, A. Mack, D. M. McIntosh, S.G. Ellis, Wesley Polson; Clerk and Treasurer, J.T. Barnett; and Marshall, W. J. Lapping. The first store was opened by Aaron Hardin, in 1835, before the town was laid off. The building stood on the old road south of the pike. James McIndosh built a store a few years later, where Sanford McIntosh now resides, and like Hardin, carried a general stock of merchandise. James King sold goods in the house where W.J. Lapping now lives, and in 1851 Wesley Polson began retailing goods in the house now owned by Dr. Foutz. One year later Polson built the house which he yet occupies, and continued there until 1862 or 63. Michael Swartz opened up a stock of goods about the time the turnpike was built, and James Kirkwood, Isaac Wellman and W. J. Lapping have also been in business in the place. In about 1860 Maj. Cravens built a steam saw and grist-mill, which is now operated by D.W. Huffman, although yet owned by Cravens. It has a capacity of thirty barrels per day. In September, 1883, the Hardinsburg Enterprise was established by Charles E. Bullington, a native of Floyd County, Ind., and a young man of bright intellect. By diligence he has worked up a liberal subscription list and a fair advertising patronage, and if the citizens of Hardinsburg and vicinity do their duty, the Enterprise will remain a permanent fixture of the place. Hardinsburg Lodge No. 501, I.O.O.F. was instituted September 10, 1875, with R.W. Martin, S.W. Stratton, Nathan Newby, Lorenzo H. Greene and John Martin as charter members, and was organized with thirteen members. S.W. Stratton was made N.G.; John Martin, V.G.; R.W. Martin, Secretary; and Nathan Newby, Treasurer. This lodge is one of the best working ones of the order in any country town of southern Indiana, and at present has fifty active members. It is worth over $1,975, meets in its own hall every Saturday night, and is officered as follows: W.T. Wells, N.G.; G.W. McIntosh, V.G.; Joseph E. McIntosh, R.S.; C.E. Bulliongton, F.S., and W.M. Holtsclaw, Treasurer. Solomon Lodge No. 71, F. & A.M., was organized under dispensation March 28, 1849, with these officers: James Alexander, W.M.; Nathan Kimball, S.W.; and Jeremiah McCullough, J.W. The charter members in addition to the above, and the respective office to which they were elected were R. Schoonover, Secretary; George Faucett, Treasurer; James McPheeters, S.D.; James Gasaway, J.D.; J.C. Kelso, C.R. Ellis and I.H. Ferguson. This fraternity meets once every month, the Saturday evening before the full moon, in their hall, situated in the second story of the public school building. The present membership is twenty-seven officered by W.C. Davis, W.M.; M. Barnett, S.W.; A. Davis, J.W.; B.H. Cravens, Secretary; A. Mack, Treasurer; S.G. Ellis, S.D. and J. G. Bogle, Tyler. The present business of Hardinsburg is represented by S.E. McIntosh, W.J. Lapping and Polson & Radcliff, general merchants; Ed. Schoonover, confectioner; C.T. Kern and M. Barnett, blacksmiths; C. E. Bullington, editor and wagonmaker; J.A. Cravens, owner of saw and grist- mill; S.B. Cook, wagon maker; Cook Suddith, carpenter; J. T. Barnett, G.W. Hon, M.S. Beasley, R.W. Maxedon and W.S. Schoonover, physicians; R.W. Maxedon and Polly King, hotel keepers; Andrew Mack, shoe-maker; Daniel Swartz, harness-maker; David Crotts, Scythe and cradle-maker; Maria Trotter, dressmaker, L. Suddith, milliner. Fredericksburg Contrary to what has been heretofore appeared in print concerning this village, Fredericksburg was laid off in the year 1815 by Frederick Royse, in whose honor it was named. It was formerly located across the river, and a short distance above the present town of that name, where Mr. Royse, by the county surveyor William Lowe, had surveyed and platted fifty- nine lots on the 10th. of September of the year above mentioned. The first merchant to engage in retailing goods were Bradley & Skinner, Theodore Catlin, James McClung and John T. Ferguson. McClung built the first brick building, which in those days was a sight worth going some distance to see, and was the first Postmaster. Jacob Harris carried on a tannery extensively at an early date, and his was succeeded by one on a smaller scale. Dr. William A. Boyles was the first physician, and after him came Dr. Alexander McPheeters. Owing to repeated overflows of the river and other causes, it was decided to remove the town to a better location, and according John Horner caused to be laid off fifty-one lots along the New Albany & Vincennes Turnpike, on the south side of Blue River, and the northern part of section 16. Properly speaking, the town should have been called New Fredericksburg, because the old town of that name is of the past. For a time it was called Bridgeport, taking the name from a toll bridge which had been built across the river by an act of the State Legislature, and petitioned for by John Horner, John and Martin Royse and others. Jacob Horner was the first Postmaster of the new town, and among the first merchants were John and William Horner, Alexander McPheeters, and James Gasaway. Among subsequent merchantsof importance may be mentioned Morgan & Bright, John Briggs, William K. Andrews, Ira Boyd,Peter G. Senseney, Jefferson King, Martin Cromer, Joshua T. Andrews, Charles Mitton, John Voyles, Seth Horner, Robert Gibson, Rhodes & Stout and Alexander Lofton. March 26, 1859, a vote to incorporate the town was held, resulting largely in favor, and the first officers were: A.C. Hugrus, P.G. Senesney and W.K. Andrews, Trustees; Dr. W. A. Boyles, Clerk and Treasurer and John H. Warren , Marshall. Fredericksburg as it now is, is one of the most beautiful and prettiest inland villages of Indiana. It is pleasantly situated on the Blue River and the New Albany & Vincennes Turnpike, has some excellent stores, and business of different kinds is conducted quite extensively; is well supplied with schools, churches and other advantages, and for a village of 255 inhabitants it is unsurpassed by any town of its size in the State in point of general intelligence and enterprise. A lodge of Odd Fellows was started in May 1873, with George M. Dewees, N. G.; W.B. Peters, V.G.; John B. Cromer, Secretary; Martin Cromer, Treasurer, and R. Devenish, Warden. They meet every Tuesday night in the hall over Lofton's store, and their present officers are: R. Devenish, N.G.; Isaac V. Hoar, V.G.; H.C. Milton, Secretary; G.W. Dewees, Treasurer, and W.C. Jones, Warden. Present membership twenty-four. The charter members of the Knights of Honor, Lodge No. 2813, instituted August 23, 1882, numbered fifteen, and the first officers were: George W. Dewees, Dictator; J.M. Adams, V.D.: J.B. Morgan, A.D.; Calvin Goss, Reporter; W.E. Chappell, F.R.; W.C. Jones, Treasurer; C.W. Gresham, P.D., and W.R. Avery, M.E. The lodge meets Thursday night of each week, has a membership of twenty-four, with the following present officers: J.M. Harmon, Dictator; John B. Morgan, V.D.; Richard Devenish, A.D.; W.C. Jones, Reporter; Henry Markel, F.R.; W.E. Chappell, Treasurer; C.W. Gresham, P.D. and George W. Dewees M.E. To pass over the press of Fredericksburg would be an unpardonable omission. The News was established by Allen Smith, the first number being a five column folio in size, and appearing March 13, 1879. A fair subscription list at $1 per annum was secured. Mr. Smith continued its publication until September 9, 1880, when the first issue appeared under the ownership of McPheeters & Goss, with Calvin Goss editor. Mr. Goss became sole owner, September 29, 1881, and remained in charge until January 11, 1883, when Charles E. Bullington bought a half interest, and April 12, of the same year , purchased the other half. Mr. Bullington moving to Hardinsburg in 1883, and establishing the Enterprise, Charles E. Allen resurrected the News, October 26, 1883, but changed the size from a five-column quarto to a four-column quarto. December 21 of the same year it was enlarged to a six-column quarto, and January 1, 1884, it was sold to W.A. Kimberlin under whose management the News is fast winning its way into public approval. Little York This village so called because the families who entered the land where the town is located were from New York, was laid off by George Davis on part of the northwest quarter of Section 18, in what is now Gibson Township, August 3, 1831, and originally comprised thirteen lots. Eleven lots were added by Alanson Langdon June 19, 1849, five more by Hezekiah Thomas May 25, 1852, twenty-one more by Joseph M. Seifers February 6, 1874, and December 12, 1859, Hezekiah Thomas made the last addition of thirty-four lots. In about the year 1822 Philip Langdon, established a horse-mill where the town now is, and it was patronized for years by the early settlers from far and near. The first house was built by Michael Richards in about 1818, on the place where James Haskins now lives, and in 1819 Philip Langdon, Jr., Philip Langdon,Sr. Joshua Powers, Lanson Langdon and A. Cooley came from New York and entered the greater part of the land upon which the town now stands. George Davis, the founder of the town, located there in about 1821. The first store was opened by Asa Glover in 1832, his entire stock probably being worth about $65. Another by Hezekiah Thomas shortly afterward was situated on the lot now owned by James Garriott. Among subsequent merchants were: Robbins, David Mitchell, - Hubbard, - Miranda, William Wilson, Henry Childs, George R. Davis, Darling Jones, A. Cooley, C. Sickles, Jonas H. Johnson, E.M. Grimes, David Griffith, T.J. Lester, George Parker, et al. The present business interests of the place are represented by Simeon Garriott and James Garriott, general merchants; Oliver McCullough, groceries and provisions; Catharine Miranda, confectionary; L.H. Hudson and G.F. Lewelling, physicians; and W.R. England, tavern- keeper, besides a wagon and blacksmith-shop or two. The first tavern was opened by Darling Jones in 1836, and being on a direct line of travel from Louisville and New Albany to Indianapolis, received quite a liberal patronage. In 1859 Hezekiah Thomas built the large mill now standing, and operated until 1865 when it was sold to J. R. Motsinger. Morris & Riley were the next owners, and by them sold to Richard Clark, the present proprietor, in November 1868. This is one of the best mills in the county, has two run of stone, and is operated by steam power. Mr. Clark also owns the steam saw-mill built by D.J. Meadors in 1876, having purchased it in 1877. He is leading man of Little York, and embodies the principal part of intelligence and enterprise of the place. The Odd Fellows and Masons both have organizations at this place; the former being organized June 13, 1865, and named and numbered York Lodge, No. 241. They first met in Mr. Clark's mill until their hall was fitted up, and the charter members were Richard Clark, Joseph Draper, James B. Guffey, Henry Streaker, George L. Neal and W.M. Clark. As time passed the lodge increased in strength and members. A Rebekah Lodge was organized August 10, 1870. An Emcampment was also organized, but as data could not be found concerning this the records will have to be omitted. York Lodge, No. 512, F. & A.M. was organized in 1875 in their hall, and within three months received their charter from the Grand Lodge. The charter members were: D.J. Griffith, Richard Clark, G.M. Seifers, John B. Wood, J.B. Lester, E.R. Williams, Thomas Jones, T.H. Hudson, H.T. Hobson, W.C. Thomas, J.R. Motsinger, William Hazzard, A. Morris, B.R. Still and Nathan Goble. The lodge is in a flourishing condition, owning their own hall and having a membership of nineteen. Saltilloville In September 1849, Madison Bowles, proprietor, and John I. Morrison, surveyor, laid out and platted the town of Saltillo, naming it after a battle of the Mexican war of that name, but which has been changed to Saltilloville, in order to secure a postoffice. It comprises a total of 137 lots-one being reserved for public school and one for church purposes-and is situated on the line between Sections 27 and 28. Madison Bowles was perhaps the first merchant, and subsequent ones were: William Knox, George A. Rosenbaum, William Galahan, John Rosenbaum and others. Col. S.D. Sayles was the first blacksmith and also worked at edge-tool making considerably. About the time of the building of the railroad an old -fashioned "up and down" saw was built by Wright Stacy, but during the war was moved away. Harvey and Hiram Matthew built a grist-mill in about 1856 which burned to the ground twenty years later. In 1876 they began the erection of their present mill, which is 30x40 feet, two and a half story building with basement, and has one wheat and one corn buhr. Attached to the building is a 18x50 foot saw-mill room in which is a double circular saw, and both mills are operated by the same engine. Two general stores by E. Braman & Sons and C. Cook; a drug store by J.W. Hogsett; millinery by Padgett & Elliott; undertaking by John Velloms; carpentering and wagon- making by Thomas Padgett and E. Neymon; Hiram Neymon and J.W. Hogsett physicians, comprises the present business interests of the place. George A. Rosenbaum was commissioned the the first Postmaster in 1853, the present one being Mrs. Olive Nunamaker. Cornwell Post No. 363, G.A.R., was organized in June 1884, with seventeen members, and the following were the first and present officers: Thomas Weir, P.C.; J.W. Hoggett, J.V.C.; E.N. Conner, S.V.C.; Henry Smith, Adjutant; Dr. H.P. Neymon, Surgeon; T.Weir, O.G. and W. Hayes, O.D. The post meets once every month in Padgett's Hall. Pekin This village was laid out in what is now Polk Township, on the Mutton Fork of Blue River, and in Section 30, November 15, 1831 by Christian Bixler, and originally comprised 137 lots. It was not surveyed until in October 1837, by John L. Morrison. Among the first merchants were Gabriel Peavlor, James F. Persise - who also kept the first tavern, D.W. Bierly, Mr. Tuttle and George M. Johnson. In an early day large quantities of liquor were sold at one time, there being no saloons. A man by the name of Smith was probably the first to engage in the traffic in the place. When the old New Albany & Salem Railroad was built, a station was made across the river from the old town, and just across the line in Pierce Township. In consequence of this the old town went down, and but a few dilapidated buildings now mark the place. Half way between the two places, the present steam saw and grist-mill was built in about 1860 by Mr. Butterfield. It is a first class mill in every respect, and from the original owner it passed respectively into the hands of Bowman & Uppinghouse, James Burns and Andy Cauble, who is the present owner. By an act of the County Commissioners the old town was declared vacant in about 1854. C.D. Green built a fine brick building at the station in 1852 or thereabouts, and besides using it as a depot and postoffice, opened an extensive store and did the largest business ever transacted in the whole county. Peter Martin became the successor of Mr. Green in the ownership of the stock of goods, and the Messrs. Collins in the ownership of the building. In about 1867 the building took fire and was burned to the ground, scarely a singe article being saved. Another new frame building was erected and is now occupied by Bierly & Elrod. The first Postmaster of the old town was George Waltz, probably; the present one at the station being William Graves. There has been opened on the land adjoining the station a fair ground, and whether it proves to amount to anything will be developed in the future. New Philadelphia This town was first laid out at Philadelphia November 30, 1837, John I. Morrison surveying and platting forty-eight lots. It is located just above the center of Section 9, Town 2, Range 5 east, and the three streets running east and west and beginning at the north are High, Broadway and Madison; the ones extending north and south beginning at the west, are named Main, Cross, Washington, Columbus and Jefferson Streets. William Hamilton was proprietor, and to his original plat were added nine lots by Richard Lockwood in May, 1839. The village has two general stores, owned by B.F. Howell and H.H. McCellan; an able physician, in the person of Dr. John H. Oatley; two blacksmith-shops, by Thomas Weir and John Trimble; a harness-shop by T.A. Morgan, and a shingle factory by John W. Payne. An Odd Fellows' Lodge was organized, but has since been moved to South Boston. B.F. Huston opened the first store, and he was succeeded by William Thompson, Benjamin Lockwood and others. The first blacksmiths in proper order were:--Pitt, Charles Herron, Milton Humphrey, etc. The first physicians were Andrew Todd and J.R. Bare. A Mr. Alstadt was a wheel-maker, and conducted that trade for a time. Thomas Menaugh had a hat manufactory quite early. Last of all was a saloon, which was opened shortly after the town started, by a man called Sisson. One auspicious night the doors of his shop were banged down, the heads of kegs ad barrels were bursted, and the liquor therin poured into the street by certain citizens of the town. Although a rank violation of the law, yet this procedure had the necessary effect of causing Sisson to leave the place, and since then no saloon has ever been opened in New Philadelphia. South Boston This village is composed of about ten families, and located on the Middle Fork of Blue River, between Sections 28 and 29, was never laid out and surveyed, but for years has been a little hamlet where Bravillian Rood over fifty years ago opened a little dry goods, grocery and liquor store. Subsequent merchants were: Samuel McClanahan, Henry M. Wilson, William Farabee, Robert Cooper, Samuel E. Nelson and others, and the present one is owned by Jacob D. Payne. At present Vulcan has two followers in the persons of W.C. McCellan and N.E. Rodman, and Dr. A.N. Spurgeon is the efficient and only physician. The principal feature of the place is a small but excellent lodge of Odd Fellows, which was organized at New Philadelphia as Philadelphia Lodge, No. 312, May 20, 1858, on the application of J.C. Simonson, John A. Forsyth, B.F. Robinson, W.N. Durbin, Stanford Newby and W.W. Thomas. Mr. Simonson was the first Noble Grand; Stanford Newby, Recording Secretary. B.F. Robinson, Treasurer. The lodge flourished for years, accomplishing much good, but by a decrease in the membership, and a desire of the majority of members living near South Boston, the lodge was moved to the later place early in 1884. Before the erection of their present excellent two story frame building the order met for a time in the house of George Williams. Their present building is 20x54 feet in size; they meet on every Saturday evening, and have a present membership of thirty-six officered as follows: McElvain Weddell, N.G.; W. N. Farabee, V.G.; T.S. Calahan, R.C.; George Williams, Treasurer; F.M. Williams Warden; Dr. A. N. Spurgeon, D.D.G.M. Mount Carmel Mount Carmel, comprising twenty-six lots, located in Section 12, Town 3, Range 2 east, was laid off by John and William Brown, December 20, 1837, but instead of fulfilling the wishes of the proprietors by becoming a city, is not much, if any larger than when it was begun. The first merchants were: Matthew Driskell, Isaac Brewer, Prow & Robinson, William Holland & Co., Elijah Driskell, et al. Each of the above firms carried a general stock of goods. John and William Coe were the first blacksmiths, and subsequent ones were Henry Lisdon and Thomas Dawson, the latter yet doing business there. Harristown This was named in honor of Thomas M. Harris, is situated on Section 24, town 2 north, of Range 4 east, and on the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railroad, was founded by Thomas M. Harris, July 18, 1850, when seventeen lots, ranging in size from .12 to 2.84 acres, were laid off. The first store was built and carried on by John H. Trueblood, and the first dwelling by Harvey Rodman. Other merchants who have been engaged in merchandising are Robert Robinson and Mr. Garriott. Hitchcock This is only a station on the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railroad. in Washington Township, was named after a family of that name, and William Hitchcock had the first store. Warren Trueblood, P.D. Diefendorf and David Dennis have been subsequent merchants, the latter yet being in business here, also occupying the position of Postmaster, station and express agent. Claysville This was first known as Middletown, but changed by an act of the State Legislature in March, 1839, in order that a postoffice might be established; was laid off by Julius Turner, October 24, 1828. It has never had any additions, but comprises fifty-seven lots on Sections 9 and 10 in Vernon Township. Simeon Porter opened the first store in 1827, succeeded by Lyman Gould three years later. In 1835 Aaron Walker established a grocery, but sold out to Madison Boyles. The only store of particular importance was that of William Lemon, who kept a large stock of goods and had quite an extended trade. Being open advocate of the Union during the late war, his store was burned to the ground supposed to have been the work of certain members of the Knights of the Golden Circle. Dr. R.B. Child for years has been the only physician of the place. Smedley, Farabee and other Towns Smedley is only a station between Campbellsburg and Hitchcock, the postoffice being Heffren. Morgan Smedley was the first merchant. Farabee is a way station on the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railroad, and is situated in northeastern Pierce Township. Other trading places and postoffices in the county are Beck's Mills, Organ Springs, Halo, Fayetteville, Blue River, Chestnut Hill, Gooseport, Delaney Creek, Millport, Kossuth, Rush Creek Valley and perhaps one or two more, but none of any importance.